Discretionary appropriations and direct spending accounts shall be reduced in accordance with this section as follows:
(1) Calculation of total deficit reduction
OMB shall calculate the amount of the deficit reduction required by this section for each of fiscal years 2013 through 2021 by—
(A) starting with $1,200,000,000,000;
(B) subtracting the amount of deficit reduction achieved by the enactment of a joint committee bill, as provided in section 401(b)(3)(B)(i)(II) of the Budget Control Act of 2011;
(C) reducing the difference by 18 percent to account for debt service;
(D) dividing the result by 9; and
(E) for fiscal year 2013, reducing the amount calculated under subparagraphs (A) through (D) by $24,000,000,000.
(2) Allocation to functions
On March 1, 2013, for fiscal year 2013, and in its sequestration preview report for fiscal years 2014 through 2021 pursuant to section 904(c) of this title, OMB shall allocate half of the total reduction calculated pursuant to paragraph (1) for that year to discretionary appropriations and direct spending accounts within function 050 (defense function) and half to accounts in all other functions (nondefense functions).
(3) Defense function reduction
OMB shall calculate the reductions to discretionary appropriations and direct spending for each of fiscal years 2013 through 2021 for defense function spending as follows:
(A) Discretionary
OMB shall calculate the reduction to discretionary appropriations by—
(i) taking the total reduction for the defense function allocated for that year under paragraph (2);
(ii) multiplying by the discretionary spending limit for the revised security category for that year; and
(iii) dividing by the sum of the discretionary spending limit for the security category and OMB's baseline estimate of nonexempt outlays for direct spending programs within the defense function for that year.
(B) Direct spending
OMB shall calculate the reduction to direct spending by taking the total reduction for the defense function required for that year under paragraph (2) and subtracting the discretionary reduction calculated pursuant to subparagraph (A).
(4) Nondefense function reduction
OMB shall calculate the reduction to discretionary appropriations and to direct spending for each of fiscal years 2013 through 2021 for programs in nondefense functions as follows:
(A) Discretionary
OMB shall calculate the reduction to discretionary appropriations by—
(i) taking the total reduction for nondefense functions allocated for that year under paragraph (2);
(ii) multiplying by the discretionary spending limit for the revised nonsecurity category for that year; and
(iii) dividing by the sum of the discretionary spending limit for the revised nonsecurity category and OMB's baseline estimate of nonexempt outlays for direct spending programs in nondefense functions for that year.
(B) Direct spending
OMB shall calculate the reduction to direct spending programs by taking the total reduction for nondefense functions required for that year under paragraph (2) and subtracting the discretionary reduction calculated pursuant to subparagraph (A).
(5) Implementing discretionary reductions
(A) Fiscal year 2013
On March 1, 2013, for fiscal year 2013, OMB shall calculate and the President shall order a sequestration, effective upon issuance and under the procedures set forth in section 903(f) of this title, to reduce each account within the security category or nonsecurity category by a dollar amount calculated by multiplying the baseline level of budgetary resources in that account at that time by a uniform percentage necessary to achieve—
(i) for the revised security category, an amount equal to the defense function discretionary reduction calculated pursuant to paragraph (3); and
(ii) for the revised nonsecurity category, an amount equal to the nondefense function discretionary reduction calculated pursuant to paragraph (4).
(B) Fiscal years 2014–2021
Except as provided by paragraphs (10), (11), (12), and (13), on the date of the submission of its sequestration preview report for fiscal years 2014 through 2021 pursuant to section 904(c) of this title for each of fiscal years 2014 through 2021, OMB shall reduce the discretionary spending limit—
(i) for the revised security category by the amount of the defense function discretionary reduction calculated pursuant to paragraph (3); and
(ii) for the revised nonsecurity category by the amount of the nondefense function discretionary reduction calculated pursuant to paragraph (4).
(6) Implementing direct spending reductions
(A) On the date specified in paragraph (2) during each applicable year, OMB shall prepare and the President shall order a sequestration, effective upon issuance, of nonexempt direct spending to achieve the direct spending reduction calculated pursuant to paragraphs (3) and (4). When implementing the sequestration of direct spending pursuant to this paragraph, OMB shall follow the procedures specified in section 935 of this title, the exemptions specified in section 905 of this title, and the special rules specified in section 906 of this title, except that the percentage reduction for the Medicare programs specified in section 906(d) of this title shall not be more than 2 percent for a fiscal year.
(B) On the date on which the President submits the budget under section 1105 of title 31 for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2031, the President shall order a sequestration, effective upon issuance such that—
(i) the percentage reduction for nonexempt direct spending for the defense function is the same percent as the percentage reduction for nonexempt direct spending for the defense function for fiscal year 2021 calculated under paragraph (3)(B); and
(ii) the percentage reduction for nonexempt direct spending for nondefense functions is the same percent as the percentage reduction for nonexempt direct spending for nondefense functions for fiscal year 2021 calculated under paragraph (4)(B).
(C) Notwithstanding the 2 percent limit specified in subparagraph (A) for payments for the Medicare programs specified in section 906(d) of this title, the sequestration order of the President under such subparagraph for fiscal year 2022 shall be applied to such payments so that with respect to the period beginning on April 1, 2022, and ending on June 30, 2022, the payment reduction shall be 1.0 percent.
(D) On the date on which the President submits the budget under section 1105 of title 31 for fiscal year 2032, the President shall order a sequestration of payments for the Medicare programs specified in section 906(d) of this title, effective upon issuance, such that, notwithstanding the 2 percent limit specified in subparagraph (A) for such payments—
(i) with respect to the first 6 months in which such order is effective for such fiscal year, the payment reduction shall be 2.0 percent; and
(ii) with respect to the second 6 months in which such order is effective for such fiscal year, the payment reduction shall be 0 percent.
(7) Adjustment for Medicare
If the percentage reduction for the Medicare programs would exceed 2 percent for a fiscal year in the absence of paragraph (6), OMB shall increase the reduction for all other discretionary appropriations and direct spending under paragraph (4) by a uniform percentage to a level sufficient to achieve the reduction required by paragraph (4) in the non-defense function.
(8) Implementation of reductions
Any reductions imposed under this section shall be implemented in accordance with section 906(k) of this title.
(9) Report
On the dates specified in paragraph (2), OMB shall submit a report to Congress containing information about the calculations required under this section, the adjusted discretionary spending limits, a listing of the reductions required for each nonexempt direct spending account, and any other data and explanations that enhance public understanding of this title 1 and actions taken under it.
(10) Implementing direct spending reductions for fiscal years 2014 and 2015
(A) OMB shall make the calculations necessary to implement the direct spending reductions calculated pursuant to paragraphs (3) and (4) without regard to the amendment made to section 901(c) of this title revising the discretionary spending limits for fiscal years 2014 and 2015 by the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013.
(B) Paragraph (5)(B) shall not be implemented for fiscal years 2014 and 2015.
(11) Implementing direct spending reductions for fiscal years 2016 and 2017
(A) OMB shall make the calculations necessary to implement the direct spending reductions calculated pursuant to paragraphs (3) and (4) without regard to the amendment made to section 901(c) of this title revising the discretionary spending limits for fiscal years 2016 and 2017 by the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015.
(B) Paragraph (5)(B) shall not be implemented for fiscal years 2016 and 2017.
(12) Implementing direct spending reductions for fiscal years 2018 and 2019
(A) OMB shall make the calculations necessary to implement the direct spending reductions calculated pursuant to paragraphs (3) and (4) without regard to the amendment made to section 901(c) of this title revising the discretionary spending limits for fiscal years 2018 and 2019 by the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018.
(B) Paragraph (5)(B) shall not be implemented for fiscal years 2018 and 2019.
(13) Implementing direct spending reductions for fiscal years 2020 and 2021
(A) OMB shall make the calculations necessary to implement the direct spending reductions calculated pursuant to paragraphs (3) and (4) without regard to the amendment made to section 901(c) of this title revising the discretionary spending limits for fiscal years 2020 and 2021 by the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2019.
(B) Paragraph (5)(B) shall not be implemented for fiscal years 2020 and 2021.
Editorial Notes
References in Text
Section 401(b)(3)(B)(i)(II) of the Budget Control Act of 2011, referred to in par. (1)(B), is section 401(b)(3)(B)(i)(II) of title IV of Pub. L. 112–25, which is set out in a note under section 900 of this title.
This title, referred to in par. (9), means title II (§200 et seq.) of Pub. L. 99–177, Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1038, known as the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 900 of this title and Tables.
The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013, referred to in par. (10)(A), is div. A of Pub. L. 113–67, Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 1165. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2013 Amendment note set out under section 900 of this title and Tables.
The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015, referred to in par. (11)(A), is Pub. L. 114–74, Nov. 2, 2015, 129 Stat. 584. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2015 Amendment note set out under section 1 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and Tables.
The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018, referred to in par. (12)(A), is Pub. L. 115–123, Feb. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 64. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2018 Amendment note set out under section 1305 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and Tables.
The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2019, referred to in par. (13)(A), is Pub. L. 116–37, Aug. 2, 2019, 133 Stat. 1049. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2019 Amendment note set out under section 900 of this title and Tables.
Prior Provisions
A prior section 901a, Pub. L. 99–177, title II, §251A, as added Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXI, §310001(g)(1), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2104, related to sequestration with respect to Violent Crime Reduction Trust Fund, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–33, title X, §10204(a)(1), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 702.
Amendments
2022—Par. (6)(B). Pub. L. 117–328, §4163(1), in introductory provisions, substituted "On the date on which the President submits the budget under section 1105 of title 31" for "On the dates OMB issues its sequestration preview reports" and struck out "pursuant to section 904(c) of this title," before "the President shall order a sequestration".
Par. (6)(C). Pub. L. 117–328, §4163(2), realigned margins.
Par. (6)(D). Pub. L. 117–328, §4163(3), (4), added subpar. (D) and struck out former subpar. (D) which read as follows: "Notwithstanding the 2 percent limit specified in subparagraph (A) for payments for the Medicare programs specified in section 906(d) of this title, the sequestration order of the President under such subparagraph for fiscal year 2030 shall be applied to such payments so that—
"(i) with respect to the first 6 months in which such order is effective for such fiscal year, the payment reduction shall be 2.25 percent; and
"(ii) with respect to the second 6 months in which such order is so effective for such fiscal year, the payment reduction shall be 3 percent."
Par. (6)(E). Pub. L. 117–328, §4163(3), struck out subpar. (E) which read as follows: "Notwithstanding the 2 percent limit specified in subparagraph (A) for payments for the Medicare programs specified in section 906(d) of this title, the sequestration order of the President under such subparagraph for fiscal year 2031 shall be applied to such payments so that—
"(i) with respect to the first 6 months in which such order is effective for such fiscal year, the payment reduction shall be 4.0 percent; and
"(ii) with respect to the second 6 months in which such order is so effective for such fiscal year, the payment reduction shall be 0 percent."
2021—Par. (6)(B). Pub. L. 117–58, §90001(1), substituted "2031" for "2030" in introductory provisions.
Par. (6)(C). Pub. L. 117–71, §2(b)(2), added subpar. (C). Former subpar. (C) redesignated (E).
Pub. L. 117–58, §90001(2)(A), substituted "2031" for "2030" in introductory provisions.
Par. (6)(C)(i). Pub. L. 117–58, §90001(2)(B), substituted "6" for "5 ½", "4.0" for "2.0", and "; and" for semicolon at end.
Pub. L. 117–7, §1(b)(1), substituted "first 5 ½ months" for "first 6 months" and "2.0 percent" for "4.0 percent" and struck out "and" at end.
Par. (6)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 117–58, §90001(2)(C), substituted "second 6 months" for "6-month period beginning on the day after the last day of the period described in clause (i)", "0" for "4.0", and a period for "; and" at end.
Pub. L. 117–7, §1(b)(2), substituted "6-month period beginning on the day after the last day of the period described in clause (i)" for "second 6 months" and "4.0 percent; and" for "0.0 percent."
Par. (6)(C)(iii). Pub. L. 117–58, §90001(2)(D), struck out cl. (iii) which read as follows: "with respect to the remaining ½ month in which such order is so effective for such fiscal year, the payment reduction shall be 0.0 percent."
Pub. L. 117–7, §1(b)(3), added cl. (iii).
Par. (6)(D). Pub. L. 117–71, §2(b)(2), added subpar. (D).
Par. (6)(E). Pub. L. 117–71, §2(b)(1), redesignated subpar. (C) as (E).
2020—Par. (6)(B). Pub. L. 116–136, §3709(b)(1), substituted "through 2030" for "through 2029" in introductory provisions.
Par. (6)(C). Pub. L. 116–136, §3709(b)(2), substituted "fiscal year 2030" for "fiscal year 2029" in introductory provisions.
2019—Par. (5)(B). Pub. L. 116–37, §101(d)(1), substituted "(12), and (13)" for "and (12)" in introductory provisions.
Par. (6)(B). Pub. L. 116–37, §402(1), substituted "fiscal years 2022 through 2029" for "fiscal years 2022 through 2027" in introductory provisions.
Par. (6)(C). Pub. L. 116–37, §402(2), substituted "fiscal year 2029" for "fiscal year 2027" in introductory provisions.
Par. (13). Pub. L. 116–37, §101(d)(2), added par. (13).
2018—Par. (5)(B). Pub. L. 115–123, §30101(b)(1), substituted ", (11), and (12)" for "and (11)" in introductory provisions.
Par. (6)(B). Pub. L. 115–123, §30101(c)(1), substituted "for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2027" for "for fiscal year 2022, for fiscal year 2023, for fiscal year 2024, and for fiscal year 2025" in introductory provisions.
Par. (6)(C). Pub. L. 115–123, §30101(c)(2), substituted "fiscal year 2027" for "fiscal year 2025" in introductory provisions.
Par. (12). Pub. L. 115–123, §30101(b)(2), added par. (12).
2015—Par. (5)(B). Pub. L. 114–74, §101(b)(1), substituted "paragraphs (10) and (11)" for "paragraph (10)".
Par. (6)(B). Pub. L. 114–74, §101(c)(1), in introductory provisions, substituted "for fiscal year 2024, and for fiscal year 2025" for "and for fiscal year 2024".
Par. (6)(C), (D). Pub. L. 114–74, §101(c)(2), (3), redesignated subpar. (D) as (C), substituted "fiscal year 2025" for "fiscal year 2024" in introductory provisions, and struck out former subpar. (C) which read as follows: "Notwithstanding the 2 percent limit specified in subparagraph (A) for payments for the Medicare programs specified in section 906(d) of this title, the sequestration order of the President under such subparagraph for fiscal year 2023 shall be applied to such payments so that—
"(i) with respect to the first 6 months in which such order is effective for such fiscal year, the payment reduction shall be 2.90 percent; and
"(ii) with respect to the second 6 months in which such order is so effective for such fiscal year, the payment reduction shall be 1.11 percent."
Par. (11). Pub. L. 114–74, §101(b)(2), added par. (11).
2014—Par. (6)(B). Pub. L. 113–82 substituted ", for fiscal year 2023, and for fiscal year 2024" for "and for fiscal year 2023".
Par. (6)(D). Pub. L. 113–93 added subpar. (D).
2013—Pub. L. 113–67, §101(d)(2)(A), in introductory provisions substituted "Discretionary appropriations and direct spending accounts shall be reduced in accordance with this section as follows:" for "Unless a joint committee bill achieving an amount greater than $1,200,000,000,000 in deficit reduction as provided in section 401(b)(3)(B)(i)(II) of the Budget Control Act of 2011 is enacted by January 15, 2012, the discretionary spending limits listed in section 901(c) of this title shall be revised, and discretionary appropriations and direct spending shall be reduced, as follows:".
Par. (1). Pub. L. 113–67, §101(d)(2)(B), (C), redesignated par.(3) as (1) and struck out former par. (1) which defined "revised security category" as discretionary appropriations in budget function 050 and "revised nonsecurity category" as discretionary appropriations other than in budget function 050.
Par. (2). Pub. L. 113–67, §101(d)(2)(B)–(D), redesignated par. (4) as (2), substituted "paragraph (1)" for "paragraph (3)", and struck out former par. (2) which revised discretionary spending limits under section 901(c) of this title for fiscal years 2013 through 2021.
Par. (3). Pub. L. 113–67, §101(d)(2)(C), (E), redesignated par. (5) as (3) and substituted "paragraph (2)" for "paragraph (4)" in two places. Former par. (3) redesignated (1).
Par. (3)(E). Pub. L. 112–240, §901(a), added subpar. (E).
Par. (4). Pub. L. 113–67, §101(d)(2)(C), (F), redesignated par. (6) as (4) and substituted "paragraph (2)" for "paragraph (4)" in two places. Former par. (4) redesignated (2).
Pub. L. 112–240, §901(c)(1), substituted "March 1, 2013" for "January 2, 2013".
Par. (5). Pub. L. 113–67, §101(d)(2)(C), (G), redesignated par. (7) as (5) and substituted "paragraph (3)" for "paragraph (5)" in two places and "paragraph (4)" for "paragraph (6)" in two places. Former par. (5) redesignated (3).
Par. (5)(B). Pub. L. 113–67, §101(b)(2), substituted "Except as provided by paragraph (10), on" for "On" in introductory provisions.
Par. (6). Pub. L. 113–67, §101(d)(2)(C), (H), redesignated par. (8) as (6) and, in subpar. (A), substituted "paragraph (2)" for "paragraph (4)" and "paragraphs (3) and (4)" for "paragraphs (5) and (6)". Former par. (6) redesignated (4).
Pub. L. 113–67, §101(c), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and added subpar. (B).
Par. (6)(C). Pub. L. 113–67, §1205, added subpar. (C).
Par. (7). Pub. L. 113–67, §101(d)(2)(C), (I), redesignated par. (9) as (7), substituted "paragraph (6)" for "paragraph (8)", and substituted "paragraph (4)" for "paragraph (6)" in two places. Former par. (7) redesignated (5).
Par. (7)(A). Pub. L. 112–240, §901(c)(2), substituted "March 1, 2013" for "January 2, 2013" in introductory provisions.
Par. (8). Pub. L. 113–67, §101(d)(2)(C), redesignated par. (10) as (8). Former par. (8) redesignated (6).
Par. (9). Pub. L. 113–67, §101(d)(2)(C), (J), redesignated par. (11) as (9) and substituted "paragraph (2)" for "paragraph (4)". Former par. (9) redesignated (7).
Par. (10). Pub. L. 113–67, §101(b)(1), added par. (10). Former par. (10) redesignated (8).
Par. (11). Pub. L. 113–67, §101(d)(2)(C), redesignated par. (11) as (9).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Temporary Suspension and Adjustment of Medicare Sequestration
Pub. L. 116–136, div. A, title III, §3709(a), Mar. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 421, as amended by Pub. L. 116–260, div. N, title I, §102(a), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1950; Pub. L. 117–7, §1(a)(1), Apr. 14, 2021, 135 Stat. 251; Pub. L. 117–71, §2(a)(1), Dec. 10, 2021, 135 Stat. 1506, provided that: "During the period beginning on May 1, 2020 and ending on March 31, 2022, the Medicare programs under title XVIII of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq.) shall be exempt from reduction under any sequestration order issued before, on, or after the date of enactment of this Act [Mar. 27, 2020]."
[Pub. L. 117–71, §2(a)(2), Dec. 10, 2021, 135 Stat. 1506, provided that: "The amendments made by paragraph (1) [amending section 3709(a) of Pub. L. 116–136, set out above] shall take effect as if enacted as part of the CARES Act (Public Law 116–136)."]
[Pub. L. 117–7, §1(a)(2), Apr. 14, 2021, 135 Stat. 251, provided that: "The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending section 3709(a) of Pub. L. 116–136, set out above] shall take effect as if enacted as part of the CARES Act (Public Law 116–136)."]
[Pub. L. 116–260, div. N, title I, §102(b), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1950, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending section 3709(a) of Pub. L. 116–136, set out above] shall take effect as if enacted as part of the CARES Act (Public Law 116–136)."]
2013 Sequester
Pub. L. 112–240, title IX, §901(e), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2370, provided that: "On March 1, 2013, the President shall order a sequestration for fiscal year 2013 pursuant to section 251A of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 [2 U.S.C. 901a], as amended by this section, pursuant to which, only for the purposes of the calculation in sections 251A(5)(A), 251A(6)(A), and 251A(7)(A), section 251(c)(2) [former 2 U.S.C. 901(c)(2)] shall be applied as if it read as follows:
" '(2) For fiscal year 2013—
" '(A) for the security category, $544,000,000,000 in budget authority; and
" '(B) for the nonsecurity category, $499,000,000,000 in budget authority;'."
Executive Documents
Sequestration Order for Fiscal Year 2022 Pursuant to Section 251A of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act, as Amended
Order of President of the United States, dated Mar. 28, 2022, 87 F.R. 18603, provided:
By the authority vested in me as President by the laws of the United States of America, and in accordance with section 251A of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act (the "Act"), as amended, 2 U.S.C. 901a, I hereby order that, on October 1, 2022, direct spending budgetary resources for fiscal year 2023 in each non-exempt budget account be reduced by the amount calculated by the Office of Management and Budget in its report to the Congress of March 28, 2022.
All sequestrations shall be made in strict accordance with the requirements of section 251A of the Act and the specifications of the Office of Management and Budget's report of March 28, 2022, prepared pursuant to section 251A(9) of the Act.
J.R. Biden, Jr.
Sequestration orders pursuant to this section for prior fiscal years were contained in the following:
2022—Order of President of the United States, dated May 28, 2021, 86 F.R. 29927.
2021—Order of President of the United States, dated Feb. 10, 2020, 85 F.R. 8129.
2020—Order of President of the United States, dated Mar. 18, 2019, 84 F.R. 10401.
2019—Order of President of the United States, dated Feb. 12, 2018, 83 F.R. 6789.
2018—Order of President of the United States, dated May 23, 2017, 82 F.R. 24209.
2017—Order of President of the United States, dated Feb. 9, 2016, 81 F.R. 7693.
2016—Order of President of the United States, dated Feb. 2, 2015, 80 F.R. 6645.
2015—Order of President of the United States, dated Mar. 10, 2014, 79 F.R. 14365.
2014—Order of President of the United States, dated Apr. 10, 2013, 78 F.R. 22409.
2013—Order of President of the United States, dated Mar. 1, 2013, 78 F.R. 14633.
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