Editorial Notes

Codification

November 5, 1990, referred to in subsec. (c)(3)(B), was in the original "the date of enactment of this section", which was translated as meaning the date of enactment of Pub. L. 101–508, which amended this section generally, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Amendments

2023—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 118–5, §101(c)(1), substituted "2025" for "2021".

Subsec. (f)(2)(A). Pub. L. 118–5, §101(c)(2), substituted "2025" for "2021".

2013—Subsec. (c)(3)(A). Pub. L. 113–67, §121(3), substituted "section 902(b)" for "subsection 902(b)".

Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 113–67, §121(4), substituted "section 902(b)" for "subsection 902(b)".

2011—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 112–25, §103(1), substituted "2021" for "2002".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 112–25, §103(2), added "This report shall also contain a preview estimate of the adjustment for disaster funding for the upcoming fiscal year." at end.

Subsec. (f)(2)(A). Pub. L. 112–25, §103(3), substituted "2021" for "2002" and inserted ", including a final estimate of the adjustment for disaster funding" before period at end.

1997—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–33, §10206(1), (2), redesignated subsec. (d) as (c), substituted "2002" for "1998" in par. (2), and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (c). Text read as follows: "With respect to budget year 1994 or 1995, on the date specified in subsection (a) of this section the President shall notify the House of Representatives and the Senate of his decision regarding the optional adjustment of the maximum deficit amount (as allowed under section 903(g)(1)(B) of this title)."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–33, §10206(1), (3), redesignated subsec. (e) as (d) and substituted "section 905(f)" for "section 905(h)". Former subsec. (d) redesignated (c).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–33, §10206(1), redesignated subsec. (f) as (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105–33, §10206(1), redesignated subsec. (g) as (f). Former subsec. (f) redesignated (e).

Subsec. (f)(2)(A). Pub. L. 105–33, §10206(4)(A), substituted "2002" for "1998".

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 105–33, §10206(4)(B), struck out "through 1998" after "each outyear".

Subsec. (f)(4) to (6). Pub. L. 105–33, §10206(4)(C), redesignated pars. (5) and (6) as (4) and (5), respectively, and struck out heading and text of former par. (4). Text read as follows: "The final reports shall set forth for the budget year estimates for each of the following:

"(A) The amount of budget authority appropriated from the Violent Crime Reduction Trust Fund and outlays resulting from those appropriations.

"(B) The sequestration percentage and reductions, if any, required under section 901a of this title."

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105–33, §10206(1), (5), redesignated subsec. (h) as (g) and substituted "paragraph (f)(2)" for "paragraph (g)(2)" and "paragraphs (f)(2) and (f)(4)" for "paragraphs (g)(2) and (g)(4)". Former subsec. (g) redesignated (f).

Subsecs. (h) to (k). Pub. L. 105–33, §10206(1), redesignated subsecs. (i) to (k) as (h) to (j), respectively. Former subsec. (h) redesignated (g).

1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–316, §102(d)(1), struck out item at end of timetable relating to GAO compliance report.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 104–316, §102(d)(2), in introductory provisions substituted "Upon request of the Committee on the Budget of the House of Representatives or the Senate" for "On the date specified in subsection (a) of this section".

1994—Subsec. (g)(4) to (6). Pub. L. 103–322 added par. (4) and redesignated former pars. (4) and (5) as (5) and (6), respectively.

1993—Subsecs. (d)(2), (g)(2)(A), (3). Pub. L. 103–66 substituted "1998" for "1995".

1990—Pub. L. 101–508 amended section generally, substituting provisions setting out timetable and requisite content of reports and orders developed as part of sequestration process for former provisions relating to special Congressional procedures in the event of recession, Congressional responses to Presidential orders, and treatment of certain resolutions as reconciliation bills.

1987—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 100–119, §102(b)(1), substituted "the Director of OMB" for "the Comptroller General".

Subsec. (b)(1)(E). Pub. L. 100–119, §106(e)(2), inserted provisions relating to maximum deficit amount for fiscal year 1988 or 1989.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Congressional Budget Office Excepted From Certain Requirements

Subsections (c), (f)(3), and (i) of this section inapplicable to the Congressional Budget Office, see section 104(b) of Pub. L. 112–25, set out as a note under section 902 of this title.

Fiscal Year Deficit Control Measures

1991—Pub. L. 102–27, title IV, §401(b), Apr. 10, 1991, 105 Stat. 154, provided that: "Upon the enactment of this Act [Apr. 10, 1991], the order issued by the President on November 9, 1990 [set out below], pursuant to sections 251 and 254 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, as amended, [2 U.S.C. 901, 904] is hereby rescinded. Any action taken to implement this order shall be reversed, and any sequestrable resource that has been reduced or sequestered by such order is hereby restored, revived, or released and shall be available to the same extent and for the same purpose as if the order had not been issued."

Pub. L. 101–508, title XIII, §13401, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–628, provided that:

"(a) Order Rescinded.—Upon the enactment of this Act [Nov. 5, 1990], the orders issued by the President on August 25, 1990, and October 15, 1990 [set out below], pursuant to section 252 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 [2 U.S.C. 902] are hereby rescinded.

"(b) Amounts Restored.—Any action taken to implement the orders referred to in subsection (a) shall be reversed, and any sequestrable resource that has been reduced or sequestered by such orders is hereby restored, revived, or released and shall be available to the same extent and for the same purpose as if the orders had not been issued.

"(c) Furloughed Employees.—(1) Federal employees furloughed as a result of the lapse in appropriations from midnight October 5, 1990, until the enactment of House Joint Resolution 666 [Pub. L. 101–412, which was approved Oct. 9, 1990] shall be compensated at their standard rate of compensation for the period during which there was a lapse in appropriations.

"(2) All obligations incurred in anticipation of the appropriations made and authority granted by House Joint Resolution 666 for the purposes of maintaining the essential level of activity to protect life and property and bringing about orderly termination of government functions are hereby ratified and approved if otherwise in accord with the provisions of that Act [Pub. L. 101–412, Oct. 9, 1990, 104 Stat. 894]."

Pub. L. 101–467, §105, Oct. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 1087, provided that:

"(a) Any order on sequestration for fiscal year 1991 issued before, on, or after the date of enactment of this joint resolution [Oct. 28, 1990] pursuant to section 252 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 [2 U.S.C. 902] is suspended and no action shall be taken to implement any such order.

"(b) Subsection (a) shall cease to be effective on the date set forth in section 101(b)(B) [Nov. 5, 1990]."

Pub. L. 101–461, §113, Oct. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 1078, provided that:

"(a) Any order on sequestration for fiscal year 1991 issued before, on, or after the date of enactment of this joint resolution [Oct. 25, 1990] pursuant to section 252 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 [2 U.S.C. 902] is suspended and no action shall be taken to implement any such order.

"(b) Subsection (a) shall cease to be effective on the date set forth in section 108(c) [Oct. 27, 1990]."

Pub. L. 101–444, §113, Oct. 19, 1990, 104 Stat. 1033, provided that:

"(a) Any order on sequestration for fiscal year 1991 issued before, on, or after the date of enactment of this joint resolution [Oct. 19, 1990] pursuant to section 252 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 [2 U.S.C. 902] is suspended and no action shall be taken to implement any such order.

"(b) Subsection (a) shall cease to be effective on the date set forth in section 108(c) [Oct. 24, 1990]."

Pub. L. 101–412, §113, Oct. 9, 1990, 104 Stat. 897, provided that:

"(a) Any order on sequestration for fiscal year 1991 issued before, on, or after the date of enactment of this joint resolution [Oct. 9, 1990] pursuant to section 252 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 [2 U.S.C. 902] is suspended and no action shall be taken to implement any such order.

"(b) Subsection (a) shall cease to be effective on the date set forth in section 108(c) [Oct. 19, 1990]."

Pub. L. 101–403, title I, §113, Oct. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 870, provided that:

"(a) Any order on sequestration for fiscal year 1991 issued before, on, or after the date of enactment of this joint resolution [Oct. 1, 1990] pursuant to section 252 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 [2 U.S.C. 902] is suspended and no action shall be taken to implement any such order.

"(b) Subsection (a) shall cease to be effective on the date set forth in section 108(c) [Oct. 5, 1990]."

Final Order of the President of the United States, Nov. 9, 1990, 26 Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents 1797, Nov. 12, 1990, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the statutes of the United States of America, including section 254 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (Public Law 99–177) [2 U.S.C. 904], as amended by the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Reaffirmation Act of 1987 (Public Law 100–119) and Title XIII of the Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1990 (Public Law 101–508) (hereafter referred to as "the Act"), I hereby order that the following actions be taken immediately to implement the sequestrations and reductions determined by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget as set forth in his report dated November 9, 1990, under sections 251 and 254 of the Act [2 U.S.C. 901, 904]:

(1) Budgetary resources for each non-exempt account within the international category of discretionary spending shall be reduced as specified by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget in his report of November 9, 1990.

(2) Pursuant to sections 250(c)(6) and 251 [former 2 U.S.C. 900(c)(6), 2 U.S.C. 901], budgetary resources subject to sequestration shall be new budget authority; new loan guarantee commitments or limitations; new direct loan obligations, commitments, or limitations; and obligation limitations.

(3) For accounts making commitments for guaranteed loans as authorized by substantive law, the head of each Department or agency is directed to reduce the level of such commitments or obligations to the extent necessary to conform to the limitations established by the Act [Pub. L. 99–177, title II, see Short Title note set out under 2 U.S.C. 900] and specified by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget in his report of November 9, 1990.

All sequestrations shall be made in strict accordance with the specifications of the November 9th report of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget and the requirements of sections 251 and 254.

George Bush.      

Final Order of the President of the United States, Oct. 15, 1990, 55 F.R. 41977, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the statutes of the United States of America, including section 252 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (Public Law 99–177) [2 U.S.C. 902], as amended by the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Reaffirmation Act of 1987 (Public Law 100–119) (hereafter referred to as "the Act"), I hereby order that the following actions shall be taken to implement the sequestrations and reductions determined by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget as set forth in his report dated October 15, 1990, under section 251 of the Act [2 U.S.C. 901]:

(1) Each automatic spending increase that would, but for the provisions of the Act, take effect during fiscal year 1991 is permanently sequestered or reduced as provided in section 252.

(2) The following are sequestered as provided in section 252: new budget authority; unobligated balances; new loan guarantee commitments or limitations; new direct loan obligations, commitments, or limitations; spending authority as defined in section 401(c)(2) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974, as amended [2 U.S.C. 651(c)(2)]; and obligation limitations.

(3) For accounts making payments otherwise required by substantive law, the head of each Department or agency is directed to modify the calculation of each such payment to the extent necessary to reduce the estimate of total required payments for the fiscal year by the amount specified by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget in his report of October 15, 1990.

(4) For accounts making commitments for guaranteed loans as authorized by substantive law, the head of each Department or agency is directed to reduce the level of such commitments or obligations to the extent necessary to conform to the limitations established by the Act and specified by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget in his report of October 15, 1990.

All reductions and sequestrations shall be made in strict accordance with the specifications of the October 15th report of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget and the requirements of section 252(b).

This order supersedes the Initial Order issued on August 25, 1990 [see above].

This order shall be published in the Federal Register.

George Bush.      

Initial Order of the President of the United States, Aug. 25, 1990, 55 F.R. 35133, which provided emergency deficit control measures for fiscal year 1991, was superseded by Final Order of the President, Oct. 15, 1990, 55 F.R. 41977, set out above.

1990—Pub. L. 101–239, title VI, §6001, Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2139, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law (including section 11002 [set out below] or any other provision of this Act, other than section 6201 [set out below]), the reductions in the amount of payments required under title XVIII of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq.] made by the final sequester order issued by the President on October 16, 1989 [set out below], pursuant to section 252(b) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 [2 U.S.C. 902(b)] shall continue to be effective (as provided by sections 252(a)(4)(B) and 256(d)(2) of such Act [2 U.S.C. 902(a)(4)(B), 906(d)(2)]) through December 31, 1989, with respect to payments for items and services under part A of such title [42 U.S.C. 1395c et seq.] (including payments under section 1886 of such title [42 U.S.C. 1395ww] attributable or allocated to such part). Each such payment made for items and services provided during fiscal year 1990 after such date shall be increased by 1.42 percent above what it would otherwise be under this Act."

Pub. L. 101–239, title VI, §6101, Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2168, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law (including any other provision of this Act, other than section 6201 [set out below]), the reductions in the amount of payments required under title XVIII of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq.] made by the final sequester order issued by the President on October 16, 1989, pursuant to section 252(b) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 [2 U.S.C. 902(b)] shall continue to be effective (as provided by sections 252(a)(4)(B) and 256(d)(2) of such Act [2 U.S.C. 902(a)(4)(B), 906(d)(2)]) through March 31, 1990, with respect to payments for items and services under part B of such title [42 U.S.C. 1395j et seq.]."

Pub. L. 101–239, title VI, §6201, Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2225, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law (including section 11002 [set out below] or any other provision of this Act), the reductions in the amount of payments required under title XVIII of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq.] made by the final sequester order issued by the President on October 16, 1989 [set out below], pursuant to section 252(b) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 [2 U.S.C. 902(b)] shall continue to be effective (as provided by sections 252(a)(4)(B) and 256(d)(2) of such Act [2 U.S.C. 902(a)(4)(B), 906(d)(2)]) through December 31, 1989, with respect to payments under section 1833(a)(1)(A) or 1876 of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1395l(a)(1)(A), 1395mm], section 402 of the Social Security Amendments of 1967 [section 402 of Pub. L. 90–248, enacting 42 U.S.C. 1395b–1, and amending 42 U.S.C. 1395ll], or section 222 of the Social Security Amendments of 1972 [section 222 of Pub. L. 92–603, amending 42 U.S.C. 1395b–1 and enacting provisions set out as a note under 42 U.S.C. 1395b–1]. Each such payment made during fiscal year 1990 after such date shall be increased by 1.42 percent above what it would otherwise be under this Act."

Pub. L. 101–239, title XI, §11002, Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2490, provided that:

"(a) Order Rescinded.—(1) Upon the issuance of a new final order by the President under subsection (b)(4) [set out below], the order issued by the President on October 16, 1989 [set out below], pursuant to section 252 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 [2 U.S.C. 902] is rescinded.

"(2) Except as otherwise provided in sections 6001, 6101, and 6201 [set out above], and subject to subsection (b), any action taken to implement the order issued by the President on October 16, 1989, shall be reversed, and any sequesterable budgetary resource that has been reduced or sequestered by such order is restored, revived, or released and shall be available to the same extent and for the same purposes as if an order had not been issued.

"(3) For purposes of section[s] 702(d) and 1101(c) of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 [Pub. L. 101–194, 5 U.S.C. 5305 note, 2 U.S.C. 31–1 note], the order issued by the President on October 16, 1989, pursuant to section 252 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 [2 U.S.C. 902] is deemed to be rescinded on January 31, 1990.

"(b) Adjusted Reduction.—

"(1) Before the close of the fifteenth calendar day beginning after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 19, 1989], the Director of OMB shall issue a revised report using the exact budget baseline set forth in the report of October 16, 1989 [set out below], and following the requirements, specifications, definitions, and calculations required by the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 [Pub. L. 99–177, title II, see Short Title note set out under 2 U.S.C. 900] for the final report issued under section 251(c)(2) [former 2 U.S.C. 901(c)(2)] for fiscal year 1990, except that the aggregate outlay reduction to be achieved shall be an amount equal to $16.1 billion multiplied by 130 divided by 365. Calculations made to carry out the preceding sentence shall take into account the reductions and cancellations achieved by paragraphs (2) and (3) and shall not be affected by subsection (d).

"(2) Notwithstanding any provision of law other than this paragraph, the reductions and cancellations in the student loan programs described in section 256(c) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 [2 U.S.C. 906(c)] achieved by the order issued by the President on October 16, 1989, shall remain in effect through December 31, 1989, and no reductions or cancellations in such programs shall be made by the order issued under paragraph (4).

"(3) Notwithstanding any provision of law other than this paragraph, any automatic spending increase suspended or cancelled by the order issued by the President on October 16, 1989, shall be paid at a rate that is 130/365ths less than the rate that would have been paid under the laws providing for such automatic spending increase.

"(4) On the date that the Director submits a revised report to the President under paragraph (1) for fiscal year 1990, the President shall issue a new final order to make all of the reductions and cancellations specified in such report in conformity with section 252(a)(2) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 [2 U.S.C. 902(a)(2)]. Such order shall be deemed to have become effective on October 16, 1989.

"(c) Compliance Report by Comptroller General.—Before the close of the thirtieth day beginning after the date the President issues a new final order under subsection (b)(4), the Comptroller General shall submit to the Congress and the President a compliance report setting forth the information required under section 253 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 [2 U.S.C. 903] with respect to such order.

"(d) No Double Reduction in Medicare.—With respect to items and services described in section 6001, 6101, or 6201 [set out above] for periods for which reductions are made pursuant to the respective sections, no reduction shall be made under subsection (b)."

New Final Order of the President of the United States, Dec. 27, 1989, 54 F.R. 53469, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the statutes of the United States of America, including section 252 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (Public Law 99–177) [2 U.S.C. 902], as amended by the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Reaffirmation Act of 1987 (Public Law 100–119) (hereafter referred to as "the Act"), and section 11002 of the Omnibus [Budget] Reconciliation Act of 1989 (Public Law 101–239) ("OBRA") [set out above], I hereby order that the following actions be taken to implement the sequestrations and reductions determined by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget as set forth in his report dated December 27, 1989, under section 251 of the Act [2 U.S.C. 901] and section 11002 of the OBRA:

(1) Each automatic spending increase that would, but for the provisions of the Act, take effect during fiscal year 1990 is permanently sequestered or reduced as provided in section 252 of the Act and section 11002 of OBRA.

(2) The following are sequestered as provided in section 252 of the Act and section 11002 of OBRA: new budget authority; unobligated balances; new loan guarantee commitments or limitations; new direct loan obligations, commitments, or limitations; spending authority as defined in section 401(c)(2) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974, as amended [2 U.S.C. 651(c)(2)]; and obligation limitations.

(3) For accounts making payments otherwise required by substantive law, the head of each department or agency is directed to modify the calculation of each such payment to the extent necessary to reduce the estimate of total required payments for the fiscal year by the amount specified by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget in his report of December 27, 1989.

(4) For accounts making commitments for guaranteed loans or obligations for direct loans as authorized by substantive law, the head of each department or agency is directed to reduce the level of such commitments or obligations to the extent necessary to conform to the limitations established by the Act and by OBRA and specified by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget in his report of December 27, 1989.

All reductions and sequestrations shall be made in strict accordance with the specifications of the December 27th report of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget and the requirements of section 252(b) of the Act and section 11002 of OBRA.

This order shall be deemed to have become effective on October 16, 1989, as provided in section 11002 of OBRA.

This order shall be published [in the] Federal Register.

George Bush.      

Final Order of the President of the United States, Oct. 16, 1989, 54 F.R. 42795, which provided emergency deficit control measures for fiscal year 1990, was rescinded by section 11002(a) of Pub. L. 101–239, set out above, upon issuance of New Final Order of the President of the United States, Dec. 27, 1989, 54 F.R. 53469, set out above.

Initial Order of the President of the United States, Aug. 25, 1989, 54 F.R. 35627, which provided emergency deficit control measures for fiscal year 1990, was superseded by Final Order of the President, Oct. 16, 1989, 54 F.R. 42795.

1989—Final Order of the President of the United States, Oct. 15, 1988, 53 F.R. 40696.

Initial Order of the President of the United States, Aug. 25, 1988, 53 F.R. 32881.

1988—Pub. L. 100–203, title IV, §§4001, 4041(b), 4061, title VIII, §8002, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–42, 1330-84, 1330-100, 1330-281.

Pub. L. 100–202, §1, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329.

Order of the President of the United States, Nov. 20, 1987, 52 F.R. 44960.

Order of the President of the United States, Oct. 20, 1987, 52 F.R. 39205.

1986—Pub. L. 99–366, July 31, 1986, 100 Stat. 773.

Pub. L. 99–349, title II, §202, July 2, 1986, 100 Stat. 748.

Pub. L. 99–255, Mar. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 39, as amended by Pub. L. 99–322, §1, May 23, 1986, 100 Stat. 494.

Order of the President of the United States, Feb. 1, 1986, 51 F.R. 4291.