(a) Programs authorized
The Secretary may carry out a program under which officers may be inactivated from active duty in order to meet personal or professional needs and returned to active duty at the end of such period of inactivation from active duty.

(b) Period of inactivation from active duty; effect of inactivation

(1) In general
The period of inactivation from active duty under a program under this section of an officer participating in the program shall be such period as the Secretary shall specify in the agreement of the officer under subsection (c), except that such period may not exceed three years.

(2) Exclusion from retirement
Any period of participation of an officer in a program under this section shall not count toward eligibility for retirement or computation of retired pay under subchapter III.

(c) Agreement
Each officer who participates in a program under this section shall enter into a written agreement with the Secretary under which that officer shall agree as follows:

(1) To undergo during the period of the inactivation of the officer from active duty under the program such inactive duty training as the Director of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps shall require in order to ensure that the officer retains proficiency, at a level determined by the Director to be sufficient, in the technical skills, professional qualifications, and physical readiness of the officer during the inactivation of the officer from active duty.

(2) Following completion of the period of the inactivation of the officer from active duty under the program, to serve two months on active duty for each month of the period of the inactivation of the officer from active duty under the program.

(d) Conditions of release
The Secretary shall—

(1) prescribe regulations specifying the guidelines regarding the conditions of release that must be considered and addressed in the agreement required by subsection (c); and

(2) at a minimum, prescribe the procedures and standards to be used to instruct an officer on the obligations to be assumed by the officer under paragraph (1) of such subsection while the officer is released from active duty.

(e) Order to active duty
Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, an officer participating in a program under this section may, in the discretion of the Secretary, be required to terminate participation in the program and be ordered to active duty.

(f) Pay and allowances

(1) Basic pay
During each month of participation in a program under this section, an officer who participates in the program shall be paid basic pay in an amount equal to two-thirtieths of the amount of monthly basic pay to which the officer would otherwise be entitled under section 204 of title 37 as a member of the uniformed services on active duty in the grade and years of service of the officer when the officer commences participation in the program.

(2) Special or incentive pay or bonus

(A) Prohibition
An officer who participates in a program under this section shall not, while participating in the program, be paid any special or incentive pay or bonus to which the officer is otherwise entitled under an agreement under chapter 5 of title 37 that is in force when the officer commences participation in the program.

(B) Not treated as failure to perform services
The inactivation from active duty of an officer participating in a program under this section shall not be treated as a failure of the officer to perform any period of service required of the officer in connection with an agreement for a special or incentive pay or bonus under chapter 5 of title 37 that is in force when the officer commences participation in the program.

(3) Return to active duty

(A) Special or incentive pay or bonus
Subject to subparagraph (B), upon the return of an officer to active duty after completion by the officer of participation in a program under this section—

(i) any agreement entered into by the officer under chapter 5 of title 37 for the payment of a special or incentive pay or bonus that was in force when the officer commenced participation in the program shall be revived, with the term of such agreement after revival being the period of the agreement remaining to run when the officer commenced participation in the program; and

(ii) any special or incentive pay or bonus shall be payable to the officer in accordance with the terms of the agreement concerned for the term specified in clause (i).

(B) Limitation

(i) In general
Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any special or incentive pay or bonus otherwise covered by that subparagraph with respect to an officer if, at the time of the return of the officer to active duty as described in that subparagraph—

(I) such pay or bonus is no longer authorized by law; or

(II) the officer does not satisfy eligibility criteria for such pay or bonus as in effect at the time of the return of the officer to active duty.

(ii) Pay or bonus ceases being authorized
Subparagraph (A) shall cease to apply to any special or incentive pay or bonus otherwise covered by that subparagraph with respect to an officer if, during the term of the revived agreement of the officer under subparagraph (A)(i), such pay or bonus ceases being authorized by law.

(C) Repayment
An officer who is ineligible for payment of a special or incentive pay or bonus otherwise covered by this paragraph by reason of subparagraph (B)(i)(II) shall be subject to the requirements for repayment of such pay or bonus in accordance with the terms of the applicable agreement of the officer under chapter 5 of title 37.

(D) Required service is additional
Any service required of an officer under an agreement covered by this paragraph after the officer returns to active duty as described in subparagraph (A) shall be in addition to any service required of the officer under an agreement under subsection (c).

(4) Travel and transportation allowance

(A) In general
Subject to subparagraph (B), an officer who participates in a program under this section is entitled, while participating in the program, to the travel and transportation allowances authorized by section 452 of title 37 for—

(i) travel performed from the residence of the officer, at the time of release from active duty to participate in the program, to the location in the United States designated by the officer as the officer's residence during the period of participation in the program; and

(ii) travel performed to the residence of the officer upon return to active duty at the end of the participation of the officer in the program.

(B) Single residence
An allowance is payable under this paragraph only with respect to travel of an officer to and from a single residence.

(5) Leave balance
An officer who participates in a program under this section is entitled to carry forward the leave balance existing as of the day on which the officer begins participation and accumulated in accordance with section 701 of title 10, but not to exceed 60 days.

(g) Promotion

(1) In general
An officer participating in a program under this section shall not, while participating in the program, be eligible for consideration for promotion under this subchapter.

(2) Return to service
Upon the return of an officer to active duty after completion by the officer of participation in a program under this section—

(A) the Secretary may adjust the date of rank of the officer in such manner as the Secretary shall prescribe in regulations for purposes of this section; and

(B) the officer shall be eligible for consideration for promotion when officers of the same competitive category, grade, and seniority are eligible for consideration for promotion.

(h) Continued entitlements
An officer participating in a program under this section shall, while participating in the program, be treated as a member of the uniformed services on active duty for a period of more than 30 days for purposes of—

(1) the entitlement of the officer and of the dependents of the officer to medical and dental care under the provisions of chapter 55 of title 10, ; and

(2) retirement or separation for physical disability under the provisions of subchapter III.