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(n) Manufacturers shall determine CO2 emissions and carbon-related exhaust emissions for electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles according to the provisions of this paragraph (n). Subject to the limitations on the number of vehicles produced and delivered for sale as described in §86.1866 of this chapter, the manufacturer may be allowed to use a value of 0 grams/mile to represent the emissions of fuel cell vehicles and the proportion of electric operation of a electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles that is derived from electricity that is generated from sources that are not onboard the vehicle, as described in paragraphs (n)(1) through (3) of this section. For purposes of labeling under this part, the CO2 emissions for electric vehicles shall be 0 grams per mile. Similarly, for purposes of labeling under this part, the CO2 emissions for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles shall be 0 grams per mile for the proportion of electric operation that is derived from electricity that is generated from sources that are not onboard the vehicle. For all 2027 and later model year electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, the provisions of this paragraph (n) shall be used to determine the non-zero value for CREE for purposes of meeting the greenhouse gas emission standards described in §86.1818 of this chapter.
(1) For electric vehicles, but not including fuel cell vehicles, the carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile is to be calculated using the following equation and rounded to the nearest one gram per mile:
CREE = CREEUP − CREEGAS
Where:
CREE means the carbon-related exhaust emission value as defined in §600.002, which may be set equal to zero for eligible 2012 through 2026 model year electric vehicles as described in §86.1866-12(a) of this chapter.
Where:
EC = The vehicle energy consumption in watt-hours per mile, for combined FTP/HFET operation, determined according to procedures established by the Administrator under §600.116-12.
GRIDLOSS = 0.935 (to account for grid transmission losses).
AVGUSUP = 0.534 (the nationwide average electricity greenhouse gas emission rate at the powerplant, in grams per watt-hour).
2478 is the estimated grams of upstream greenhouse gas emissions per gallon of gasoline.
8887 is the estimated grams of CO2 per gallon of gasoline.
TargetCO2 = The CO2 Target Value for the fuel cell or electric vehicle determined according to §86.1818 of this chapter for the appropriate model year.
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(3) For 2012 and later model year fuel cell vehicles, the carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile shall be calculated using the method specified in paragraph (n)(1) of this section, except that CREEUP shall be determined according to procedures established by the Administrator under §600.111-08(f). As described in §86.1866 of this chapter, the value of CREE may be set equal to zero for 2012 through 2026 model year fuel cell vehicles.
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