(a) Persons liable for violations of prohibited acts.

(1) Any person who violates a prohibition under §80.1160(a) through (d) is liable for the violation of that prohibition.

(2) Any person who causes another person to violate a prohibition under §80.1160(a) through (d) is liable for a violation of §80.1160(e).

(b) Persons liable for failure to meet other provisions of this subpart.

(1) Any person who fails to meet a requirement of any provision of this subpart is liable for a violation of that provision.

(2) Any person who causes another person to fail to meet a requirement of any provision of this subpart is liable for causing a violation of that provision.

(c) Parent corporation liability. Any parent corporation is liable for any violation of this subpart that is committed by any of its subsidiaries.

(d) Joint venture liability. Each partner to a joint venture is jointly and severally liable for any violation of this subpart that is committed by the joint venture operation.

[72 FR 24003, May 1, 2007]