Definitions apply in this part as described in this section.

(a) Act means the Clean Air Act, as amended (42 U.S.C. 1857 et seq.).

(b) Administrator means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.

(c) Gasoline means any fuel sold in any State1 for use in motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines, and commonly or commercially known or sold as gasoline.

(d) Previously certified gasoline, or PCG, means conventional gasoline, reformulated gasoline, RBOB, or CBOB that previously has been included in a batch for purposes of complying with the standards of 40 CFR part 80 that apply to refiners and importers.

(e) Lead additive means any substance containing lead or lead compounds.

(f) Previously designated diesel fuel or PDD means diesel fuel that has been previously designated and included by a refiner or importer in a batch for purposes of complying with the standards and requirements of subpart I of this part.

(g) Unleaded gasoline means gasoline which is produced without the use of any lead additive and which contains not more than 0.05 gram of lead per gallon and not more than 0.005 gram of phosphorus per gallon.

(h) Refinery means any facility, including but not limited to, a plant, tanker truck, or vessel where gasoline or diesel fuel is produced, including any facility at which blendstocks are combined to produce gasoline or diesel fuel, or at which blendstock is added to gasoline or diesel fuel.

(i) Refiner means any person who owns, leases, operates, controls, or supervises a refinery.

(j) Retail outlet means any establishment at which gasoline, diesel fuel, methanol, natural gas or liquified petroleum gas is sold or offered for sale for use in motor vehicles or nonroad engines, including locomotive engines or marine engines.

(k) Retailer means any person who owns, leases, operates, controls, or supervises a retail outlet.

(l) Distributor means any person who transports or stores or causes the transportation or storage of gasoline or diesel fuel at any point between any gasoline or diesel fuel refinery or importer's facility and any retail outlet or wholesale purchaser-consumer's facility.

(m) Lead additive manufacturer means any person who produces a lead additive or sells a lead additive under his own name.

(n) Reseller means any person who purchases gasoline or diesel fuel identified by the corporate, trade, or brand name of a refiner from such refiner or a distributor and resells or transfers it to retailers or wholesale purchaser-consumers displaying the refiner's brand, and whose assets or facilities are not substantially owned, leased, or controlled by such refiner.

(o) Wholesale purchaser-consumer means any person that is an ultimate consumer of gasoline, diesel fuel, methanol, natural gas, or liquified petroleum gas and which purchases or obtains gasoline, diesel fuel, natural gas or liquified petroleum gas from a supplier for use in motor vehicles or nonroad engines, including locomotive engines or marine engines and, in the case of gasoline, diesel fuel, methanol or liquified petroleum gas, receives delivery of that product into a storage tank of at least 550-gallon capacity substantially under the control of that person.

(p)-(q) [Reserved]

(r) Importer means a person who imports gasoline, gasoline blending stocks or components, or diesel fuel from a foreign country into the United States (including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands).

(s) Gasoline blending stock, blendstock, or component means any liquid compound which is blended with other liquid compounds to produce gasoline.

(t) Carrier means any distributor who transports or stores or causes the transportation or storage of gasoline or diesel fuel without taking title to or otherwise having any ownership of the gasoline or diesel fuel, and without altering either the quality or quantity of the gasoline or diesel fuel.

(u) Ethanol blending plant means any refinery at which gasoline is produced solely through the addition of ethanol to gasoline, and at which the quality or quantity of gasoline is not altered in any other manner.

(v) Ethanol blender means any person who owns, leases, operates, controls, or supervises an ethanol blending plant.

(w) Cetane index or “Calculated cetane index” is a number representing the ignition properties of diesel fuel oils from API gravity and mid-boiling point, as determined by ASTM D976.

(x) Diesel fuel means any fuel sold in any State or Territory of the United States and suitable for use in diesel engines, and that is—

(1) A distillate fuel commonly or commercially known or sold as No. 1 diesel fuel or No. 2 diesel fuel;

(2) A non-distillate fuel other than residual fuel with comparable physical and chemical properties (e.g., biodiesel fuel); or

(3) A mixture of fuels meeting the criteria of paragraphs (1) and (2) of this definition.

(y) Motor vehicle diesel fuel means any diesel fuel or other distillate fuel that is used, intended for use, or made available for use in motor vehicles or motor vehicle engines.

(z) Aromatic content of diesel fuel is the aromatic hydrocarbon content in volume percent as follows:

(1) Through December 31, 2015, determine aromatic content of diesel fuel by ASTM D1319.

(2) Beginning January 1, 2016, determine aromatic content of diesel fuel by a test method approved under §80.47.

(aa) Global marine fuel means diesel fuel, distillate fuel, or residual fuel used, intended for use, or made available for use in steamships or Category 3 marine vessels while the vessels are operating outside the boundaries of an Emission Control Area (ECA). Global marine fuel is subject to the provisions of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) Annex VI. Note that this part regulates global marine fuel only if it qualifies as a distillate fuel.

(bb) Sulfur percentage is the percentage of sulfur in diesel fuel by weight, as determined using the applicable sampling and testing methodologies set forth in §80.580.

(cc) Designated Volatility Nonattainment Area means any area designated as being in nonattainment with the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone pursuant to rulemaking under section 107(d)(4)(A)(ii) of the Clean Air Act.

(dd) Designated Volatility Attainment Area means an area not designated as being in nonattainment with the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone pursuant to rulemaking under section 107(d)(4)(A)(ii) of the Clean Air Act.

(ee) Reformulated gasoline means any gasoline whose formulation has been certified under §80.40, and which meets each of the standards and requirements prescribed under §80.41.

(ff) Conventional gasoline means any gasoline which has not been certified under §80.40.

(gg) Batch of gasoline means a quantity of gasoline that is homogeneous with regard to those properties that are specified for conventional or reformulated gasoline.

(hh) Covered area means each of the geographic areas specified in §80.70 in which only reformulated gasoline may be sold or dispensed to ultimate consumers.

(ii) Reformulated gasoline credit means the unit of measure for the paper transfer of benzene content resulting from reformulated gasoline which contains less than 0.95 volume percent benzene.

(jj) Oxygenate means any substance which, when added to gasoline, increases the oxygen content of that gasoline. Lawful use of any of the substances or any combination of these substances requires that they be “substantially similar” under section 211(f)(1) of the Clean Air Act, or be permitted under a waiver granted by the Administrator under the authority of section 211(f)(4) of the Clean Air Act.

(kk) Reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending, or RBOB means a petroleum product which, when blended with a specified type and percentage of oxygenate, meets the definition of reformulated gasoline, and to which the specified type and percentage of oxygenate is added other than by the refiner or importer of the RBOB at the refinery or import facility where the RBOB is produced or imported.

(ll) Oxygenate blending facility means any facility (including a truck) at which oxygenate is added to gasoline or blendstock, and at which the quality or quantity of gasoline is not altered in any other manner except for the addition of deposit control additives.

(mm) Oxygenate blender means any person who owns, leases, operates, controls, or supervises an oxygenate blending facility, or who owns or controls the blendstock or gasoline used or the gasoline produced at an oxygenate blending facility.

(nn) [Reserved]

(oo) Liquefied petroleum gas means a liquid hydrocarbon fuel that is stored under pressure and is composed primarily of species that are gases at atmospheric conditions (temperature = 25 °C and pressure = 1 atm), excluding natural gas.

(pp) Control area means a geographic area in which only oxygenated gasoline under the oxygenated gasoline program may be sold or dispensed, with boundaries determined by section 211(m) of the Act.

(qq) Control period means the period during which oxygenated gasoline must be sold or dispensed in any control area, pursuant to section 211(m)(2) of the Act.

(rr) Oxygenated gasoline means gasoline which contains a measurable amount of oxygenate.

(ss) Tank truck means a truck and/or trailer used to transport or cause the transportation of gasoline or diesel fuel, that meets the definition of motor vehicle in section 216(2) of the Act.

(tt) Natural gas means a fuel whose primary constituent is methane.

(uu) Methanol means any fuel sold for use in motor vehicles and commonly known or commercially sold as methanol or MXX, where XX is the percent methanol (CH3OH) by volume.

(vv) Opt-in area. An area which becomes a covered area under §80.70 pursuant to section 211(k)(6) of the Clean Air Act.

(ww) Gasoline Treated as Blendstock, or GTAB, means imported gasoline that is excluded from the import facility's compliance calculations, but is treated as blendstock in a related refinery that includes the GTAB in its refinery compliance calculations.

(xx) Diesel fuel additive means any substance not composed solely of carbon and/or hydrogen, or of diesel blendstocks, that is added to, intended to be added to, used in, or offered for use in motor vehicle diesel fuel or NRLM diesel fuel or in diesel motor vehicle or diesel NRLM engine fuel systems subsequent to the production of diesel fuel by processing crude oil from refinery processing units.

(yy)-(zz) [Reserved]

(aaa) Distillate fuel means diesel fuel and other petroleum fuels that can be used in engines that are designed for diesel fuel. For example, jet fuel, heating oil, kerosene, No. 4 fuel, DMX, DMA, DMB, and DMC are distillate fuels; and natural gas, LPG, gasoline, and residual fuel are not distillate fuels. Blends containing residual fuel may be distillate fuels.

(bbb) Residual fuel means a petroleum fuel that can only be used in diesel engines if it is preheated before injection. For example, No. 5 fuels, No. 6 fuels, and RM grade marine fuels are residual fuels. Note: Residual fuels do not necessarily require heating for storage or pumping.

(ccc) Heating oil means any #1, #2, or non-petroleum diesel blend that is sold for use in furnaces, boilers, and similar applications and which is commonly or commercially known or sold as heating oil, fuel oil, and similar trade names, and that is not jet fuel, kerosene, or MVNRLM diesel fuel.

(ddd) Jet fuel means any distillate fuel used, intended for use, or made available for use in aircraft.

(eee) Kerosene means any No.1 distillate fuel commonly or commercially sold as kerosene.

(fff) #1D means the distillate fuel classification relating to “No. 1-D” diesel fuels as described in ASTM D975.

(ggg) #2D means the distillate fuel classification relating to “No. 2-D” diesel fuels as described in ASTM D 975-04.

(hhh)-(jjj) [Reserved]

(kkk) Nonroad diesel engine means an engine that is designed to operate with diesel fuel that meets the definition of nonroad engine in 40 CFR 1068.30, including locomotive and marine diesel engines.

(lll) Locomotive engine means an engine used in a locomotive as defined under 40 CFR 92.2.

(mmm) Marine engine and Category 3 have the meanings given under 40 CFR 94.2.

(nnn) Nonroad, locomotive, or marine (NRLM) diesel fuel means any diesel fuel or other distillate fuel that is used, intended for use, or made available for use, as a fuel in any nonroad diesel engines, including locomotive and marine diesel engines, except the following: Distillate fuel with a T90 at or above 700 °F that is used only in Category 2 and 3 marine engines is not NRLM diesel fuel, and ECA marine fuel is not NRLM diesel fuel (note that fuel that conforms to the requirements of NRLM diesel fuel is excluded from the definition of “ECA marine fuel” in this section without regard to its actual use). Use the distillation test method specified in 40 CFR 1065.1010 to determine the T90 of the fuel. NR diesel fuel and LM diesel fuel are subcategories of NRLM diesel fuel.

(1) Any diesel fuel that is sold for use in stationary engines that are required to meet the requirements of §80.510(a) and/or (b), when such provisions are applicable to nonroad engines, shall be considered NRLM diesel fuel.

(2) [Reserved]

(ooo) Nonroad (NR) diesel fuel means any NRLM diesel fuel that is not “locomotive or marine (LM) diesel fuel.”

(ppp) Locomotive or marine (LM) diesel fuel means any diesel fuel or other distillate fuel that is used, intended for use, or made available for use, as a fuel in locomotive or marine diesel engines, except for the following fuels:

(1) Fuel that is also used, intended for use, or made available for use in motor vehicle engines or nonroad engines other than locomotive and marine diesel engines is not LM diesel fuel.

(2) Distillate fuel with a T90 greater than 700 °F that is used only in Category 2 and 3 marine engines is not LM diesel fuel. Use the distillation test method specified in 40 CFR 1065.1010 to determine the T90 of the fuel.

(qqq) MVNRLM diesel fuel means any diesel fuel or other distillate fuel that meets the definition of motor vehicle (MV) or nonroad, locomotive, or marine (NRLM) diesel fuel. Motor vehicle diesel fuel, NRLM diesel fuel, NR diesel fuel, and LM diesel fuel are subcategories of MVNRLM diesel fuel.

(rrr) Solvent yellow 124 means N-ethyl-N-[2-[1-(2-methylpropoxy)ethoxyl]-4-phenylazo]-benzeneamine.

(sss) Non-petroleum diesel (NP diesel) means a diesel fuel that contains at least 80 percent mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats.

(ttt) ECA marine fuel is diesel, distillate, or residual fuel that meets the criteria of paragraph (ttt)(1) of this section, but not the criteria of paragraph (ttt)(2) of this section.

(1) All diesel, distillate, or residual fuel used, intended for use, or made available for use in Category 3 marine vessels while the vessels are operating within an Emission Control Area (ECA), or an ECA associated area, is ECA marine fuel, unless it meets the criteria of paragraph (ttt)(2) of this section.

(2) ECA marine fuel does not include any of the following fuel:

(i) Fuel used by exempted or excluded vessels (such as exempted steamships), or fuel used by vessels allowed by the U.S. government pursuant to MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 3 or Regulation 4 to exceed the fuel sulfur limits while operating in an ECA or an ECA associated area (see 33 U.S.C. 1903).

(ii) Fuel that conforms fully to the requirements of this part for NRLM diesel fuel (including being designated as NRLM).

(iii) Fuel used, or made available for use, in any diesel engines not installed on a Category 3 marine vessel.

(uuu) Category 3 marine vessels, for the purposes of this part 80, are vessels that are propelled by engines meeting the definition of “Category 3” in 40 CFR part 1042.901.

(vvv) Denatured fuel ethanol (DFE) means an alcohol of the chemical formula C2H6O which contains a denaturant to make it unfit for human consumption, that is produced or imported for use in motor gasoline, and that meets the requirements of §80.1610.

(www) Oxygenate producer means any person who owns, leases, operates, controls, or supervises an oxygenate production facility.

(xxx) Oxygenate production facility means any facility where oxygenate including DFE designated as transportation fuel is produced.

(yyy) Oxygenate importer means a person who imports oxygenate from a foreign country into the United States (including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands).

(zzz) Oxygenate import facility means any facility where oxygenate including DFE designated as transportation fuel is imported into the United States.

(aaaa) CBOB means gasoline blendstock that could become conventional gasoline solely upon the addition of oxygenate.

(bbbb) Natural gas liquids (NGL) means the components of natural gas (primarily propane, butane, pentane, hexane, and heptane) that are separated from the gas state in the form of liquids in facilities such as a natural gas production facility, a gas processing plant, a natural gas pipeline, or a refinery or similar facility. The higher temperature boiling components of NGL are sometimes referred to as “natural gasoline”.

(cccc) [Reserved]

(dddd) Butane blender means a refiner or refinery that produces gasoline by blending butane that meets the quality specifications in §80.82 with conventional gasoline, CBOB, reformulated gasoline, or RBOB, and that uses the streamlined provisions in §80.82 to meet some of the applicable sampling and testing requirements.

(eeee) Pentane blender means a refiner or refinery that produces gasoline by blending pentane that meets the quality specifications in §80.86 with conventional gasoline, CBOB, reformulated gasoline, or RBOB, and that uses the streamlined provisions in §80.85 to meet some of the applicable sampling and testing requirements.

(ffff) Blender-commercial grade pentane means pentane that meets the requirements in §80.86(a)(3) for pentane for use by a pentane blender pursuant to the requirements of §80.85.

(gggg) Blender-non-commercial grade pentane means pentane that meets the requirements in §80.86(a)(4) for pentane for use by a pentane blender pursuant to the requirements of §80.85.

(hhhh) Blender-grade pentane means pentane that meets the requirements for commercial grade pentane or non-commercial grade pentane pursuant to the requirements of §80.86.

(iiii) Ethanol denaturant means previously certified gasoline (including previously certified blendstocks for oxygenate blending), gasoline blendstocks, or natural gasoline liquids that are added to neat (un-denatured) ethanol to make it unfit for human consumption in accordance with the requirements of the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau of the U.S. Treasury Department.

(jjjj) [Reserved]

(kkkk) Materials incorporated by reference. The published materials identified in this section are incorporated by reference into this section with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other than that specified in this section, a document must be published in the Federal Register and the material must be available to the public. All approved materials are available for inspection at the Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center (Air Docket) in the EPA Docket Center (EPA/DC) at Rm. 3334, EPA West Bldg., 1301 Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC. The EPA/DC Public Reading Room hours of operation are 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number of the EPA/DC Public Reading Room is (202) 566-1744, and the telephone number for the Air Docket is (202) 566-1742. These approved materials are also available for inspection at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call (202) 741-6030 or go to http://www.archives.gov/federal__register/code__of__federal__regulations/ibr__locations.html. In addition, these materials are available from the sources listed below.

(1) ASTM International material. The following standards are available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, (877) 909-ASTM, or http://www.astm.org:

(i) ASTM D975-13a, Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils, approved December 1, 2013.

(ii) ASTM D976-06 (Reapproved 2011), Standard Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate Fuels, approved October 1, 2011.

(iii) ASTM D1319-13, Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption, approved May 1, 2013.

(2) [Reserved]

(Sec. 211, (Sec. 223, Pub. L. 95-95, 91 Stat. 764, 42 U.S.C. 7545(g)) and sec. 301(a) 42 U.S.C. 7602(a), formerly 42 U.S.C. 1857g(a)) of the Clean Air Act, as amended)

[38 FR 1255, Jan. 10, 1973]