(a) Diesel test fuel.
(1) The diesel fuels for testing locomotives or locomotive engines designed to operate on diesel fuel shall be clean and bright, with pour and cloud points adequate for operability. The diesel fuel may contain nonmetallic additives as follows: cetane improver, metal deactivator, antioxidant, dehazer, antirust, pour depressant, dye, dispersant, and biocide. The diesel fuel shall also meet the specifications (as determined using methods incorporated by reference at §92.5) in Table B113-1 of this section, or substantially equivalent specifications approved by the Administrator, as follows:
Table B113-1
| Item | ASTM | Type 2-D |
|---|---|---|
| Cetane Number | D613 | 40-48 |
| Cetane Index | D976 | 40-48 |
| Distillation range: | ||
| IBP, | ||
| °F | D86 | 340-400 |
| (°C) | (171.1-204.4) | |
| 10 pct. point, | ||
| °F | D86 | 400-460 |
| (°C) | (204.4-237.8) | |
| 50 pct. point, | ||
| °F | D86 | 470-540 |
| (°C) | (243.3-282.2) | |
| 90 pct. point, | ||
| °F | D86 | 560-630 |
| (°C) | (293.3-332.2) | |
| EP, | ||
| °F | D86 | 610-690 |
| (°C) | (321.1-365.6) | |
| Gravity, °API | D287 | 32-37 |
| Total sulfur, pct | D2622 | 0.2-0.4 |
| Hydrocarbon composition, pct: | ||
| Aromatics, | D5186 | 127 |
| Paraffins, Naphthenes, Olefins | D1319 | (2) |
| Flashpoint, min., | ||
| °F | D93-09 | 130 |
| °C | (54.4) | |
| Viscosity, centistokes | D445-09 | 2.0-3.2 |
1Minimum. 2Remainder.
(2) Other diesel fuels may be used for testing provided:
(i) They are commercially available; and
(ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided to show that only the designated fuel would be used in service; and
(iii) Use of a fuel listed under paragraph (a)(1) of this section would have a detrimental effect on emissions or durability; and
(iv) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel specifications is provided prior to the start of testing.
(3) The specification of the fuel to be used under paragraphs (a)(1), and (a)(2) of this section shall be reported in accordance with §92.133.
(b) Natural gas test fuel (compressed natural gas, liquefied natural gas).
(1) Natural gas-fuel meeting the specifications (as determined using methods incorporated by reference at §92.5) in Table B113-2 of this section, or substantially similar specifications approved by the Administrator, shall be used in exhaust emissions testing of locomotives or locomotive engines designed to operate on natural gas-fuel, as follows:
Table B113-2
| Item | Mole pct. | ASTM test method No. | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Methane | Min. | D1945 | 89.0 |
| Ethane | Max. | D1945 | 4.5 |
| C3 and higher | Max. | D1945 | 2.3 |
| C6 and higher | Max. | D1945 | 0.2 |
| Oxygen | Max. | D1945 | 0.6 |
| Inert gases: Sum of CO2 and N2—Odorant1 | Max. | D1945 | 4.0 |
1The natural gas at ambient conditions must have a distinctive odor potent enough for its presence to be detected down to a concentration in air of not over 1⁄5 (one-fifth) of the lower limit of flammability.
(2) Other natural gas-fuels may be used for testing provided:
(i) They are commercially available; and
(ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided to show that only the designated fuel would be used in customer service; and
(iii) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel specifications is provided prior to the start of testing.
(3) The specification of the fuel to be used under paragraph (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section shall be reported in accordance with §92.133.
(c) Other fuel types.
(1) For locomotives or locomotive engines which are designed to be capable of using a type of fuel (or mixed fuel) other than diesel fuel, or natural gas fuel (e.g., methanol), and which are expected to use that type of fuel (or mixed fuel) in service, a commercially available fuel of that type shall be used for exhaust emission testing. The Administrator shall determine the specifications of the fuel to be used for testing, based on the engine design, the specifications of commercially available fuels, and the recommendation of the manufacturer.
(2) The specification of the fuel to be used under paragraph (c)(1) of this section shall be reported in accordance with §92.133.
[63 FR 18998, Apr. 16, 1998, as amended at 77 FR 2462, Jan. 18, 2012]
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