| Test gas | Generation | Verification |
|---|---|---|
| Ammonia | Permeation device. Similar to system described in references 1 and 2 | Indophenol method, reference 3. |
| Carbon dioxide | Cylinder of zero air or nitrogen containing CO2 as required to obtain the concentration specified in table B-3 | Use NIST-certified standards whenever possible. If NIST standards are not available, obtain 2 standards from independent sources which agree within 2 percent, or obtain one standard and submit it to an independent laboratory for analysis, which must agree within 2 percent of the supplier's nominal analysis. |
| Carbon monoxide | Cylinder of zero air or nitrogen containing CO as required to obtain the concentration specified in table B-3 | Use an FRM CO analyzer as described in reference 8. |
| Ethane | Cylinder of zero air or nitrogen containing ethane as required to obtain the concentration specified in table B-3 | Gas chromatography, ASTM D2820, reference 10. Use NIST-traceable gaseous methane or propane standards for calibration. |
| Ethylene | Cylinder of pre-purified nitrogen containing ethylene as required to obtain the concentration specified in table B-3 | Do. |
| Hydrogen chloride | Cylinder1 of pre-purified nitrogen containing approximately 100 ppm of gaseous HCl. Dilute with zero air to concentration specified in table B-3 | Collect samples in bubbler containing distilled water and analyze by the mercuric thiocyanate method, ASTM (D612), p. 29, reference 4. |
| Hydrogen sulfide | Permeation device system described in references 1 and 2 | Tentative method of analysis for H2S content of the atmosphere, p. 426, reference 5. |
| Methane | Cylinder of zero air containing methane as required to obtain the concentration specified in table B-3 | Gas chromatography ASTM D2820, reference 10. Use NIST-traceable methane standards for calibration. |
| Nitric oxide | Cylinder1 of pre-purified nitrogen containing approximately 100 ppm NO. Dilute with zero air to required concentration | Gas phase titration as described in reference 6, section 7.1. |
| Nitrogen dioxide | 1. Gas phase titration as described in reference 6 2. Permeation device, similar to system described in reference 6 |
1. Use an FRM NO2 analyzer calibrated with a gravimetrically calibrated permeation device. 2. Use an FRM NO2 analyzer calibrated by gas-phase titration as described in reference 6. |
| Ozone | Calibrated ozone generator as described in reference 9 | Use an FEM ozone analyzer calibrated as described in reference 9. |
| Sulfur dioxide | 1. Permeation device as described in references 1 and 2 2. Dynamic dilution of a cylinder containing approximately 100 ppm SO2 as described in Reference 7 |
Use an SO2 FRM or FEM analyzer as described in reference 7. |
| Water | Pass zero air through distilled water at a fixed known temperature between 20° and 30 °C such that the air stream becomes saturated. Dilute with zero air to concentration specified in table B-3 | Measure relative humidity by means of a dew-point indicator, calibrated electrolytic or piezo electric hygrometer, or wet/dry bulb thermometer. |
| Xylene | Cylinder of pre-purified nitrogen containing 100 ppm xylene. Dilute with zero air to concentration specified in table B-3 | Use NIST-certified standards whenever possible. If NIST standards are not available, obtain 2 standards from independent sources which agree within 2 percent, or obtain one standard and submit it to an independent laboratory for analysis, which must agree within 2 percent of the supplier's nominal analysis. |
| Zero air | 1. Ambient air purified by appropriate scrubbers or other devices such that it is free of contaminants likely to cause a detectable response on the analyzer 2. Cylinder of compressed zero air certified by the supplier or an independent laboratory to be free of contaminants likely to cause a detectable response on the analyzer |
1 Use stainless steel pressure regulator dedicated to the pollutant measured.
Reference 1. O'Keefe, A. E., and Ortaman, G. C. “Primary Standards for Trace Gas Analysis,” Anal. Chem. 38, 760 (1966).
Reference 2. Scaringelli, F. P., A. E. . Rosenberg, E*, and Bell, J. P., “Primary Standards for Trace Gas Analysis.” Anal. Chem. 42, 871 (1970).
Reference 3. “Tentative Method of Analysis for Ammonia in the Atmosphere (Indophenol Method)”, Health Lab Sciences, vol. 10, No. 2, 115-118, April 1973.
Reference 4. 1973 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA.
Reference 5. Methods for Air Sampling and Analysis, Intersociety Committee, 1972, American Public Health Association, 1015.
Reference 6. 40 CFR 50 Appendix F, “Measurement Principle and Calibration Principle for the Measurement of Nitrogen Dioxide in the Atmosphere (Gas Phase Chemiluminescence).”
Reference 7. 40 CFR 50 Appendix A-1, “Measurement Principle and Calibration Procedure for the Measurement of Sulfur Dioxide in the Atmosphere (Ultraviolet FIuorscence).”
Reference 8. 40 CFR 50 Appendix C, “Measurement Principle and Calibration Procedure for the Measurement of Carbon Monoxide in the Atmosphere (Non-Dispersive Infrared Photometry)”.
Reference 9. 40 CFR 50 Appendix D, “Measurement Principle and Calibration Procedure for the Measurement of Ozone in the Atmosphere”.
Reference 10. “Standard Test Method for C, through C5 Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere by Gas Chromatography”, D 2820, 1987 Annual Book of Aston Standards, vol 11.03, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103.
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