A railroad may not place or continue in service a car, if—
(a) An axle on the car has a crack or is broken;
(b) An axle on the car has a gouge in the surface that is—
(1) Between the wheel seats; and
(2) More than one-eighth inch in depth;
(c) An axle on the car, used in conjunction with a plain bearing, has an end collar that is broken or cracked;
(d) A journal on the car shows evidence of overheating, as evidenced by a pronounced blue black discoloration; or
(e) The surface of the plain bearing journal on the axle, or the fillet on the axle, has—
(1) A ridge;
(2) A depression;
(3) A circumferential score;
(4) Corrugation;
(5) A scratch;
(6) A continuous streak;
(7) Pitting;
(8) Rust; or
(9) Etching.