To be covered under FERS, an individual must:

(a) Be an employee, Member, or specifically covered by another provision of law;

(b) Be covered by social security;

(c) Have retirement deductions withheld from pay and have agency contributions made; and

(d) Be paid based on units of time.

Except as provided in §842.104 and as excluded by §842.105, an employee or Member is covered by FERS.