References in Text

The Agricultural Act of 2014, referred to in subsecs. (d) and (f)(5)(A), (6)(A), is Pub. L. 113–79, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 649. Title I of the Act is classified principally to chapter 115 (§9001 et seq.) of this title. Subtitle B of title I of the Act is classified generally to subchapter II (§9031 et seq.) of chapter 115 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 9001 of this title and Tables.

Pars. (1) and (2) of section 1308–3a(b) of this title, referred to in subsec. (e)(1), were repealed, and new pars. (1) and (2) were enacted, by Pub. L. 113–79, title I, §1605(a)(2), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 707.

The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, referred to in subsec. (f)(5)(A), (6)(A), is Pub. L. 110–246, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1651. Title I of the Act is classified principally to chapter 113 (§8701 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 8701 of this title and Tables.

Title XII of this Act, referred to in subsec. (f)(5)(A), (6)(A), means title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985, Pub. L. 99–198, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1504, which is classified principally to chapter 58 (§3801 et seq.) of Title 16, Conservation.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Pub. L. 99–591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99–500.

Section was enacted as part of the Food Security Act of 1985, and not as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 which comprises this chapter.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1308, Pub. L. 97–98, title XI, §1101, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1263; Pub. L. 98–88, §6, Aug. 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 499, related to programs for 1982 through 1985 crops.

Another prior section 1308, Pub. L. 95–113, title I, §101, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 917; Pub. L. 96–213, §5, Mar. 18, 1980, 94 Stat. 120, related to programs for 1978 through 1981 crops.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 115–334, §1703(a)(1)(A), substituted "section 1111 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9011)" for "section 1001 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 115–334, §1703(a)(1)(B), inserted "first cousin, niece, nephew," after "sibling,".

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 115–334, §1703(a)(2), substituted "sections 1116 and 1117 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9016, 9017)" for "sections 1116 and 1117 and as marketing loan gains or loan deficiency payments under subtitle B of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014".

Subsec. (f)(9). Pub. L. 115–334, §1703(a)(3), added par. (9).

2014—Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 113–79, §1603(a), added subsecs. (b) and (c) and struck out former subsecs. (b) and (c). Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) related to limitations on direct payments, counter-cyclical payments, and ACRE payments for covered commodities other than peanuts, and subsec. (c) related to limitations on direct payments, counter-cyclical payments, and ACRE payments for peanuts.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 113–79, §1605(f), inserted before period at end "or title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014".

Pub. L. 113–79, §1603(b)(1), substituted "the forfeiture of a commodity pledged as collateral for a loan made available under subtitle B of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014" for "the marketing assistance loan program or the loan deficiency payment program under title I of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008".

Subsec. (f)(5)(A). Pub. L. 113–79, §1603(b)(2)(A), substituted ", title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014, or title XII" for "or title XII".

Subsec. (f)(6)(A). Pub. L. 113–79, §1603(b)(2)(B), substituted ", title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014, or title XII" for "or title XII".

2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–246, §1603(b)(1)(A), inserted "through section 1308–5 of this title" after "this section" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 110–246, §1603(a), substituted "Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008" for "Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 110–246, §1603(b)(1)(B), (C), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The term 'loan commodity' has the meaning given that term in section 1001 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002, except that the term does not include wool, mohair, or honey."

Subsec. (a)(3) to (5). Pub. L. 110–246, §1603(b)(1)(B), (C), added pars. (3) and (4) and redesignated former par. (3) as (5).

Subsecs. (b) to (d). Pub. L. 110–246, §1603(b)(2), added subsecs. (b) to (d) and struck out former subsecs. (b) to (d) which related to limitation on direct payments, limitation on counter-cyclical payments, and limitation on marketing loan gains and loan deficiency payments, respectively.

Subsecs. (e) to (h). Pub. L. 110–246, §1603(b)(3), added subsecs. (e) to (g), redesignated former subsec. (g) as (h), and struck out former subsecs. (e) and (f) which related to issuance of regulations defining "person" and prescribing rules determined necessary to assure a fair and reasonable application of section limitation, and inapplicability to public schools of provisions limiting payments to any person.

2002—Pub. L. 107–171, §1603(a), substituted section catchline for former section catchline.

Subsec. (a) to (d). Pub. L. 107–171, §1603(a), added subsecs. (a) to (d) and struck out former pars. (1) to (4) which related to limitation on payments under production flexibility contracts, limitation on marketing loan gains and loan deficiency payments, description of payments subject to limitation, and definitions, respectively.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 107–171, §1603(b)(1), redesignated par. (5) as subsec. (e), inserted heading, further redesignated former subpars., cls., and subcls. as pars., subpars., and cls., respectively, substituted "paragraph (1), subject to subparagraph (B)" for "subparagraph (A), subject to clause (ii)" in subsec. (e)(2)(A) and "as described in subsections (b), (c), and (d) of this section" for "as described in paragraphs (1) and (2)" in subsec. (e)(2)(C)(ii), and struck out second sentence of subsec. (e)(1) which read as follows: "Such regulations shall incorporate the provisions in subparagraphs (B) through (E) of this paragraph, paragraphs (6) and (7), and sections 1308–1 through 1308–3 of this title."

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 107–171, §1603(b)(2), redesignated par. (6) as subsec. (f) and inserted heading.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 107–171, §1603(b)(3), redesignated par. (7) as subsec. (g) and inserted heading.

1996—Pars. (1) to (4). Pub. L. 104–127 added pars. (1) to (4) and struck out former pars. (1) to (4) which established limitations on payments under wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, extra long staple cotton, honey, and rice programs for 1987 through 1997 crops.

1993—Pars. (1)(A), (B), (2)(A). Pub. L. 103–66 substituted "1997" for "1995".

1991—Par. (2)(B)(iv). Pub. L. 102–237 inserted "section" before "107B(c)(1)".

1990—Par. (1). Pub. L. 101–624, §1111(a)(1), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), substituted "1995" for "1990", and added subpar. (B).

Par. (2)(A). Pub. L. 101–624, §1111(a)(2), substituted "1991 through 1995 crops" for "1987 through 1990 crops" and substituted "and" for "honey, and (with respect to clause (iii)(II) of subparagraph (B))" after "rice,".

Par. (2)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 101–624, §1111(a)(3)(A), added cl. (iii) and struck out former cl. (iii) which read as follows: "(iii)(I) any gain realized by a producer from repaying a loan for a crop of wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, rice, or honey at the rate permitted under section 107D(a)(5), 105C(a)(4), 103A(a)(5), 101A(a)(5), or 201(b)(2), respectively, of the Agricultural Act of 1949 or (II) any gain realized by a producer from repaying a loan for a crop of any other commodity at a lower level than the original loan level established under the Agricultural Act of 1949;"

Par. (2)(B)(iv). Pub. L. 101–624, §1111(a)(3)(B), substituted "107B(c)(1) or 105B(c)(1)" for "section 107D(c)(1) or 105C(c)(1)", and "section 107B(a)(3) or 105B(a)(3)" for "section 107D(a)(4) or 105C(a)(3)".

Par. (2)(B)(v). Pub. L. 101–624, §1111(a)(3)(C), added cl. (v) and struck out former cl. (v) which read as follows: "(v) any loan deficiency payment received for a crop of wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, or rice under section 107D(b), 105C(b), 103A(b), or 101A(b), respectively, of the Agricultural Act of 1949; and".

Par. (2)(B)(vi). Pub. L. 101–624, §1111(a)(3)(D), substituted "section 107B(f), 105B(f), 103B(f), or 101B(f)" for "section 107D(g), 105C(g), 103A(g), or 101A(g)".

Par. (5)(B)(ii)(III). Pub. L. 101–624, §1111(e), added subcl. (III).

Par. (5)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 101–624, §1111(c), amended cl. (iii) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (iii) read as follows: "Such regulations shall provide that, with respect to any married couple, the husband and wife shall be considered to be one person, except that any married couple consisting of spouses who, prior to their marriage, were separately engaged in unrelated farming operations, each spouse shall be treated as a separate person with respect to the farming operation brought into the marriage by such spouse so long as such operation remains as a separate farming operation, for the purposes of the application of the limitations under this section."

1989—Par. (5)(D). Pub. L. 101–217, §2, amended subpar. (D) generally, striking out cl. (i) designation, substituting "Any" for "Except as provided in clause (ii), any" and "ineligible to receive any payment specified in paragraph (1) or (2) or subtitle D of title XII with respect to such land" for "considered the same person as the landlord", and struck out cls. (ii) and (iii) which read as follows:

"(ii) A tenant that because of any act or failure to act would otherwise be considered the same person as the landlord under clause (i) shall not be considered the same person as the landlord if the Secretary has at any time made a determination, for purposes of this section, regarding the number of persons with respect to the tenant's operation on such land for the 1989 crop year and the landlord did not consent to or knowingly participate in such act or failure to act.

"(iii) Any tenant that would be considered to be the same person as the landlord but for the operation of clause (ii) shall be eligible to receive any payment specified in paragraph (1) or (2) or subtitle D of title XII with respect to such land only to the extent that the tenant would be eligible for such payments if the tenant were to be considered the same person as the landlord under the regulations in place immediately prior to the enactment of this subparagraph."

Pub. L. 101–217, §1, in temporarily amending subpar. (D) generally, designated existing provisions as cl. (i) and added cls. (ii) and (iii). See Effective and Termination Dates of 1989 Amendment note below.

1987—Par. (1). Pub. L. 100–203, §1301(a)(1), substituted "Subject to sections 1308–1 through 1308–3 of this title, for each" for "For each".

Par. (2)(A). Pub. L. 100–203, §1301(a)(2)(A), substituted "Subject to sections 1308–1 through 1308–3 of this title, for each" for "For each".

Par. (2)(C). Pub. L. 100–203, §1307, struck out cl. (ii) designation, and struck out cl. (i) which read as follows: "The total amount of loans on a crop of honey that a person may have outstanding at any one time under the annual program established for such crop under the Agricultural Act of 1949 may not exceed $250,000 less the amount of payments, as described in paragraph (1) and subparagraphs (A) and (B) of this paragraph, received by such person for the crop year involved."

Pub. L. 100–203, §1301(a)(2)(B), which directed substitution of "Subject to sections 1308–1 through 1308–3 of this title, the total" for "The total" could not be executed in view of amendments by Pub. L. 100–71 and section 1307 of Pub. L. 100–203.

Pub. L. 100–71 designated existing provision as cl. (i) and added cl. (ii).

Par. (5)(A). Pub. L. 100–203, §1303(a)(1), (2), inserted after first sentence "Such regulations shall incorporate the provisions in subparagraphs (B) through (E) of this paragraph, paragraphs (6) and (7), and sections 1308–1 through 1308–3 of this title" and struck out at end "Such regulations shall provide that the term 'person' does not include any cooperative association of producers that markets commodities for producers with respect to the commodities so marketed for producers."

Par. (5)(B). Pub. L. 100–203, §1303(a)(2), (3), added subpar. (B) and redesignated former subpar. (B) as (C).

Par. (5)(C). Pub. L. 100–203, §1303(a)(3), redesignated subpar. (B) as (C).

Par. (5)(D), (E). Pub. L. 100–203, §1303(a)(4), added subpars. (D) and (E).

Par. (6). Pub. L. 100–203, §1303(b), amended par. (6) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (6) read as follows: "The provisions of this section that limit payments to any person shall not be applicable to lands or animals owned by States, political subdivisions, or agencies thereof, so long as such lands are farmed or animals are husbanded primarily in the direct furtherance of a public function, as determined by the Secretary."

Par. (7). Pub. L. 100–203, §1305(c), added par. (7).

1986—Par. (1). Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591, §108(a)(1), in temporarily amending par. (1) generally, substituted provision limiting, for each of the 1987 through 1990 crops, the total amount of deficiency payments, excluding deficiency payments described in par. (2)(B)(I)(iv) and land diversion payments that any one person be entitled to as not to exceed $50,000 for provision limiting, for each of the 1986 through 1990 crops, the total amount of payments, excluding disaster payments, that any one person be entitled to as not to exceed $50,000. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1986 Amendment note below.

Par. (2). Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591, §108(a)(1), in temporarily amending par. (2) generally, designated existing provision as subpar. (A), and in subpar. (A) as so designated, substituted provision limiting, for each of the 1987 through 1990 crops, the total amount of payments set forth in subpar. (B) that any one person be entitled to as not to exceed $250,000 and inserting honey as an eligible crop for provision limiting, for each of the 1986 through 1990 crops, the total amount of disaster payments not any one person be entitled to as not to exceed $100,000, and added subpars. (B) and (C). See Effective and Termination Dates of 1986 Amendment note below.

Par. (3). Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591, §108(a)(1), temporarily substituted provision authorizing the Secretary, if he determines that a limitation will have an adverse effect on a program, to adjust upward such limitation as appropriate or necessary for provision specifying what is not included within the term "payments" as used in this section. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1986 Amendment note below.

Par. (5)(A). Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591, §108(a)(2), temporarily inserted provision that the term "person" not include any cooperative association of producers that markets commodities for producers with respect to the commodities so marketed for producers. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1986 Amendment note below.

Par. (6). Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591, §108(a)(3), temporarily substituted "lands or animals owned" for "lands owned" and inserted "or animals are husbanded". See Effective and Termination Dates of 1986 Amendment note below.

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Pub. L. 115–334, title I, §1703(b), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4526, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply beginning with the 2019 crop year."

Effective Date of 2014 Amendment

Pub. L. 113–79, title I, §1603(c), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 706, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 1308–3 of this title] shall apply beginning with the 2014 crop year."

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–624 effective beginning with 1991 crop of an agricultural commodity, with provision for prior crops, see section 1171 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as a note under section 1421 of this title.

Effective and Termination Dates of 1989 Amendment

Pub. L. 101–217, §1, Dec. 11, 1989, 103 Stat. 1857, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective only for the 1989 crops.

Pub. L. 101–217, §2, Dec. 11, 1989, 103 Stat. 1857, as amended by Pub. L. 101–624, title XI, §1111(i), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3500, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective beginning with the 1990 crops.

Effective Date of 1987 Amendment

Pub. L. 100–203, title I, §§1301(a), 1303, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–12, 1330-16, provided that the amendments made by sections 1301(a)(1), (2) and 1303 of Pub. L. 100–203 are effective beginning with 1989 crops.

Effective and Termination Dates of 1986 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–500, §108(a), Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–346, and Pub. L. 99–591, §108(a), Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–346, provided that the amendment made by Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591 is effective with respect to each of the 1987 through 1990 crops.

Pub. L. 99–500, §108(b), Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–347, and Pub. L. 99–591, §108(b), Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–347, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall not apply with respect to any payment or loan received under any agreement or contract made before the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 18, 1986]."

Transition Provisions

Pub. L. 110–234, title I, §1603(h), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1012, and Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title I, §1603(h), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1740, provided that: "Section 1001, 1001A, and 1001B of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308, 1308–1, 1308–2), as in effect on September 30, 2007, shall continue to apply with respect to the 2007 and 2008 crops of any covered commodity or peanuts."

[For definition of "covered commodity" as used in section 1603(h) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out above, see section 8702 of this title.]

[Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical provisions. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.]

Pub. L. 107–171, title I, §1603(d), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 215, provided that: "Section 1001 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308), as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act [May 13, 2002], shall continue to apply with respect to the 2001 crop of any covered commodity."

Equitable Relief

Pub. L. 101–217, §3, Dec. 11, 1989, 103 Stat. 1858, provided that: "Nothing in this Act [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] shall be construed in any way to limit the authority of the Secretary of Agriculture to provide equitable relief under any provision of law."

Payment Provisions Education Program

Pub. L. 100–203, title I, §1304(a), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–17, provided that:

"(1) In general.—The Secretary of Agriculture shall implement a payment provisions education program for appropriate personnel of the Department of Agriculture and members and other personnel of local, county, and State committees established under section 8(b) of the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act (16 U.S.C. 590h(b)), for the purpose of fostering more effective and uniform application of the payment limitations and restrictions under sections 1001 through 1001C of the Food Security Act of 1985 [sections 1808 to 1308–3 of this title].

"(2) Training.—The education program shall provide training to such personnel in the fair, accurate, and uniform application to individual farming operations of the provisions of law and regulation relating to the payment provisions of sections 1001 through 1001C of the Food Security Act of 1985. Particular emphasis shall be given to the changes in the law made by sections 1301, 1302, and 1303 of this Act [enacting section 1308–1 of this title, amending this section, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 1308–1 of this title].

"(3) Implementation.—The education program shall be fully implemented, and the training completed, not later than 30 days after the date final regulations are issued to carry out the amendments made by this subtitle [enacting sections 1308–1 to 1308–3 of this title and amending this section and section 1308–1 of this title].

"(4) Commodity Credit Corporation.—The Secretary shall carry out the program provided under this subsection through the Commodity Credit Corporation."

Regulations To Carry Out 1987 Amendments; Transition Rules; Equitable Adjustments

Pub. L. 100–203, title I, §1305(a), (b), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–18, provided that:

"(a) Regulations.—

"(1) Issuance.—The Secretary of Agriculture shall issue—

"(A) proposed regulations to carry out the amendments made by this subtitle [enacting sections 1308–1 to 1308–3 of this title and amending this section and section 1308–1 of this title] not later than April 1, 1988; and

"(B) final regulations to carry out such amendments not later than August 1, 1988.

"(2) Field instructions.—Any field instructions relating to, or other supplemental clarifications of, the regulations issued under sections 1001 through 1001C of the Food Security Act of 1985 [sections 1308 to 1308–3 of this title] shall not be used in resolving issues involved in the application of the payment limitations or restrictions under such sections or regulations to individuals, other entities, or farming operations until copies of the publication are made available to the public.

"(b) Allowance for Equitable Reorganizations.—To allow for the equitable reorganization of farming operations to conform to the limitations and restrictions contained in the amendments made to the Food Security Act of 1985 by this subtitle [enacting sections 1308–1 to 1308–3 of this title and amending this section and section 1308–1 of this title] in cases in which the application of such limitations and restrictions will reduce payments to the farming operation (as determined by the Secretary), the Secretary may waive the application of the substantive change rule under section 1001(5)(E) [section 1308(5)(E) of this title], as added by section 1303 of this Act, or any regulation of the Secretary containing a comparable rule, to any reorganization applied for prior to the final date when producers are eligible to enter into contracts to participate in the commodity programs established for the 1989 crop year, to the extent the Secretary determines appropriate to facilitate any such equitable reorganizations that does not increase such payments."

Conservation Reserve Application

Pub. L. 100–203, title I, §1305(d), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–18, provided that: "Notwithstanding [former] section 1234(f)(2) of the Food Security Act of 1985 ([former] 16 U.S.C. 3834(f)), paragraphs (5) through (7) of section 1001 [section 1308(5)–(7) of this title], as amended by this subtitle, and sections 1001A through 1001C, of the Food Security Act of 1985 [sections 1308–1 to 1308–3 of this title] shall apply to the conservation reserve program under subtitle D of title XII of such Act (16 U.S.C. 3830 et seq.) with respect to rental payments to persons under contracts entered into after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 22, 1987], except with respect to landlords that receive cash rent, or a crop share guaranteed as to the amount of the commodity to be paid in rent, for the use of the land."

Revision of Regulations

Pub. L. 99–500, §108(c), Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–347, and Pub. L. 99–591, §108(c), Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–347, provided that:

"(1)(A) The Secretary of Agriculture shall review the regulations in effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 18, 1986] that define 'person' under section 1001 of the Food Security Act of 1985 [this section] and related regulations in effect on such date otherwise affecting the payment limitations under such section, to determine ways in which such regulations can be revised to better ensure the fair and reasonable application of limitations and eliminate fraud and abuse in the application of such payment limitations.

"(B) The Secretary also shall review the amendments to section 1001 of the Food Security Act of 1985 made by this section.

"(2) Based on the reviews conducted under paragraph (1), the Secretary of Agriculture shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives, not later than March 1, 1987, a report on such reviews and—

"(A) with respect to the matters reviewed under paragraph (1)(A), proposed regulations or amendments to regulations, to take effect not earlier than October 1, 1987, that will meet the object with respect to limitations specified in paragraph (1)(A); and

"(B) with respect to the matters reviewed under paragraph (1)(B), recommendations on legislative changes to section 1001 of the Food Security Act of 1985 that the Secretary determines are necessary or appropriate."

Separate Person Status Among Family Members

Pub. L. 99–198 (last sentence), as added by Pub. L. 99–500, §101(a) [title VI, §636], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783, 1783-34, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(a) [title VI, §636], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341, 3341-34, provided that: "Effective for each of the 1987 through 1990 crops, the Secretary may not deny a person status as a separate person solely on the ground that a family member cosigns for, or makes a loan to, such person and leases, loans, or gives such person equipment, land or labor, if such family members were organized as separate units prior to December 31, 1985."