AGENCY:

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION:

Final rule.

SUMMARY:

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is approving State Implementation Plan (SIP) revisions submitted by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts that address the interstate transport of air pollution requirements of section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) of the Clean Air Act for the 2015 ozone national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS) (i.e., ozone transport SIP). The EPA is approving the submission as meeting the requirement that each SIP contain adequate provisions to prohibit emissions that will significantly contribute to nonattainment or interfere with maintenance of the 2015 ozone NAAQS in any other state. This action is being taken in accordance with the Clean Air Act.

DATES:

This rule is effective on March 2, 2020.

ADDRESSES:

EPA has established a docket for this action under Docket Identification No. EPA-R01-OAR-2008-0108. All documents in the docket are listed on the https://www.regulations.gov website. Although listed in the index, some information is not publicly available, i.e., CBI or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other material, such as copyrighted material, is not placed on the internet and will be publicly available only in hard copy form. Publicly available docket materials are available at https://www.regulations.gov or at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA Region 1 Regional Office, Air and Radiation Division, 5 Post Office Square—Suite 100, Boston, MA. EPA requests that if at all possible, you contact the contact listed in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section to schedule your inspection. The Regional Office's official hours of business are Monday through Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., excluding legal holidays.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

Alison C. Simcox, Air Quality Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA Region 1, 5 Post Office Square—Suite 100, (Mail code 05-2), Boston, MA 02109—3912, tel. (617) 918-1684, email simcox.alison@epa.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Throughout this document whenever “we,” “us,” or “our” is used, we mean EPA.

Table of Contents

I. Background

II. Response to Comment

III. Final Action

IV. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

I. Background

On August 14, 2019 (84 FR 40344), EPA published a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The NPRM proposed approval of SIP revisions that address the interstate transport of air pollution requirements of section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) of the Clean Air Act for the 1997, 2008, and 2015 ozone national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) (i.e., transport SIPs). The formal SIP revisions were submitted by Massachusetts on January 31, 2008; February 9, 2018; and September 27, 2018, respectively. In this action, we are approving the transport SIP for the 2015 ozone NAAQS. We previously approved the transport SIPs for the 1997 and 2008 ozone NAAQS. See 84 FR 59728 (November 6, 2019).

The rationale for EPA's proposed action is given in the NPRM and will not be restated here. EPA received one public comment on the NPRM.

II. Response to Comment

EPA received a comment during the comment period stating that EPA cannot finalize action on this SIP revision as it relies on “a rule that a court has now vacated,” referring to the September 13, 2019, ruling by the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in Wisconsin v. EPA, 938 F.3d 303, on EPA's Cross State Air Pollution Rule Update for the 2008 Ozone NAAQS (“CSAPR Update”), 81 FR 74504 (October 26, 2016). The commenter stated that the EPA must disapprove this revision as a result of the court decision.

As an initial matter, the commenter is incorrect; the court remanded the CSAPR Update to EPA but did not vacate it. Wisconsin, 938 F.3d at 336. Furthermore, the commenter does not specify how it believes the Wisconsin decision should impact the EPA's evaluation of the Commonwealth's Transport SIP for the 2015 ozone NAAQS.^[1] Nonetheless, our proposed approval did not rely on any analysis conducted for, or determinations made in, the CSAPR Update. See 84 FR at 40347-48. Rather, our proposed approval relied on an evaluation of air quality in 2023 to determine that emissions from Massachusetts “will” not significantly contribute to nonattainment or interfere with maintenance of the 2015 ozone NAAQS in any downwind state. See id. The Wisconsin opinion affirmed that EPA's reliance on the evaluation of air quality in a future year is a reasonable interpretation of the Good Neighbor Provision. 938 F.3d at 322. Consequently, the commenter has not identified any basis on which EPA must disapprove Massachusetts' Transport SIP for the 2015 ozone NAAQS in light of the Wisconsin decision.

EPA's proposal demonstrates that Massachusetts will not significantly contribute to nonattainment or interfere with maintenance of the 2015 ozone NAAQS in any other state, and Wisconsin v. EPA does not affect that finding or otherwise impact approval of the Commonwealth's Transport SIP for the 2015 ozone NAAQS.

III. Final Action

EPA is approving a transport SIP that was submitted to address interstate transport requirements for CAA section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) for the 2015 ozone NAAQS as a revision to the Massachusetts SIP.

IV. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

Under the Clean Air Act, the Administrator is required to approve a SIP submission that complies with the provisions of the Act and applicable Federal regulations. 42 U.S.C. 7410(k); 40 CFR 52.02(a). Thus, in reviewing SIP submissions, EPA's role is to approve state choices, provided that they meet the criteria of the Clean Air Act. Accordingly, this action merely approves state law as meeting Federal requirements and does not impose additional requirements beyond those imposed by state law. For that reason, this action:

• Is not a significant regulatory action subject to review by the Office of Management and Budget under Executive Orders 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993) and 13563 (76 FR 3821, January 21, 2011);
• Is not an Executive Order 13771 regulatory action because this action is not significant under Executive Order 12866;
• Does not impose an information collection burden under the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.);
• Is certified as not having a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
• Does not contain any unfunded mandate or significantly or uniquely affect small governments, as described in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-4);
• Does not have federalism implications as specified in Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999);
• Is not an economically significant regulatory action based on health or safety risks subject to Executive Order 13045 (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997);
• Is not a significant regulatory action subject to Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001);
• Is not subject to requirements of Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 note) because application of those requirements would be inconsistent with the Clean Air Act; and
• Does not provide EPA with the discretionary authority to address, as appropriate, disproportionate human health or environmental effects, using practicable and legally permissible methods, under Executive Order 12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).

In addition, the SIP is not approved to apply on any Indian reservation land or in any other area where EPA or an Indian tribe has demonstrated that a tribe has jurisdiction. In those areas of Indian country, the rule does not have tribal implications and will not impose substantial direct costs on tribal governments or preempt tribal law as specified by Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000).

The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, generally provides that before a rule may take effect, the agency promulgating the rule must submit a rule report, which includes a copy of the rule, to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of the United States. EPA will submit a report containing this action and other required information to the U.S. Senate, the U.S. House of Representatives, and the Comptroller General of the United States prior to publication of the rule in the Federal Register. A major rule cannot take effect until 60 days after it is published in the Federal Register. This action is not a “major rule” as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52

• Environmental protection
• Air pollution control
• Incorporation by reference
• Nitrogen dioxide
• Ozone
• Particulate matter
• Volatile organic compounds

Part 52 of chapter I, title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations is amended as follows:

PART 52—APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS

1. The authority citation for part 52 continues to read as follows:

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.

2. In § 52.1120, the table in paragraph (e) is amended by adding an entry for “Interstate transport requirements of CAA for 2015 Ozone NAAQS” after the entry for “Interstate transport requirements of CAA for 2008 Ozone NAAQS” to read as follows:

Footnotes