(a) Presidential proclamation
Subject to the provisions of section 2435(c) of this title, the President may by proclamation extend nondiscriminatory treatment to the products of a foreign country which has entered into a bilateral commercial agreement referred to in section 2435 of this title.
(b) Limitation on period of effectiveness
The application of nondiscriminatory treatment shall be limited to the period of effectiveness of the obligations of the United States to such country under such bilateral commercial agreement. In addition, in the case of any foreign country receiving nondiscriminatory treatment pursuant to this subchapter which has entered into an agreement with the United States regarding the settlement of lendlease reciprocal aid and claims, the application of such nondiscriminatory treatment shall be limited to periods during which such country is not in arrears on its obligations under such agreement.
(c) Suspension or withdrawal of extensions of nondiscriminatory treatment
The President may at any time suspend or withdraw any extension of nondiscriminatory treatment to any country pursuant to subsection (a) and thereby cause all products of such country to be dutiable at the rates set forth in rate column numbered 2 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States.
References in Text
The Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States, referred to in subsec. (c), is not set out in the Code. See Publication of Harmonized Tariff Schedule note set out under section 1202 of this title.
Amendments
1988—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–418 substituted "Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States" for "Tariff Schedules for the United States".
1979—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–39 struck out the comma after "subsection (a)".
Effective Date of 1988 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 100–418 effective Jan. 1, 1989, and applicable with respect to articles entered on or after such date, see section 1217(b)(1) of Pub. L. 100–418, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3001 of this title.
Effective Date of 1979 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 96–39 effective July 26, 1979, see section 1114 of Pub. L. 96–39, set out as an Effective Date note under section 2581 of this title.
Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment to Products of the Russian Federation; Trade Enforcement Measures
Pub. L. 112–208, titles I, II, Dec. 14, 2012, 126 Stat. 1497, 1498, provided that:
Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment to Products of Moldova
Pub. L. 112–208, title III, Dec. 14, 2012, 126 Stat. 1501, provided that:
"SEC. 301. FINDINGS.
"Congress finds the following:
"(1) Moldova allows its citizens the right and opportunity to emigrate, free of any heavy tax on emigration or on the visas or other documents required for emigration and free of any tax, levy, fine, fee, or other charge on any citizens as a consequence of the desire of those citizens to emigrate to the country of their choice.
"(2) Moldova has been found to be in full compliance with the freedom of emigration requirements under title IV of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2431 et seq.) since 1997.
"(3) Moldova acceded to the World Trade Organization on July 26, 2001.
"SEC. 302. TERMINATION OF APPLICATION OF TITLE IV OF THE TRADE ACT OF 1974 TO PRODUCTS OF MOLDOVA.
"(a)
"(1) determine that such title should no longer apply to Moldova; and
"(2) after making a determination under paragraph (1) with respect to Moldova, proclaim the extension of nondiscriminatory treatment (normal trade relations treatment) to the products of Moldova.
"(b)
Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment to Products of Ukraine
Pub. L. 109–205, Mar. 23, 2006, 120 Stat. 313, provided that:
"SECTION 1. FINDINGS.
"Congress finds as follows:
"(1) Ukraine allows its citizens the right and opportunity to emigrate, free of any heavy tax on emigration or on the visas or other documents required for emigration and free of any tax, levy, fine, fee, or other charge on any citizens as a consequence of the desire of such citizens to emigrate to the country of their choice.
"(2) Ukraine has received normal trade relations treatment since 1992 and has been found to be in full compliance with the freedom of emigration requirements under title IV of the Trade Act of 1974 [19 U.S.C. 2431 et seq.] since 1997.
"(3) Since the establishment of an independent Ukraine in 1991, Ukraine has made substantial progress toward the creation of democratic institutions and a free-market economy.
"(4) Ukraine has committed itself to ensuring freedom of religion, respect for rights of minorities, and eliminating intolerance and has been a paragon of inter-ethnic cooperation and harmony, as evidenced by the annual human rights reports of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and the United States Department of State.
"(5) Ukraine has taken major steps toward global security by ratifying the Treaty on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Weapons (START I) and the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, subsequently turning over the last of its Soviet-era nuclear warheads on June 1, 1996, and agreeing, in 1998, not to assist Iran with the completion of a program to develop and build nuclear breeding reactors, and has fully supported the United States in nullifying the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty.
"(6) At the Madrid Summit in 1997, Ukraine became a member of the North Atlantic Cooperation Council of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and has been a participant in the Partnership for Peace (PfP) program since 1994.
"(7) Ukraine is a peaceful state which established exemplary relations with all neighboring countries, and consistently pursues a course of European integration with a commitment to ensuring democracy and prosperity for its citizens.
"(8) Ukraine has built a broad and durable relationship with the United States and has been an unwavering ally in the struggle against international terrorism that has taken place since the attacks against the United States that occurred on September 11, 2001.
"(9) Ukraine has concluded a bilateral trade agreement with the United States that entered into force on June 23, 1992, and is in the process of acceding to the World Trade Organization (WTO). On March 6, 2006, the United States and Ukraine signed a bilateral market access agreement as a part of the WTO accession process.
"SEC. 2. TERMINATION OF APPLICATION OF TITLE IV OF THE TRADE ACT OF 1974 TO THE PRODUCTS OF UKRAINE.
"(a)
"(1) determine that such title should no longer apply to Ukraine; and
"(2) after making a determination under paragraph (1) with respect to Ukraine, proclaim the extension of nondiscriminatory treatment (normal trade relations treatment) to the products of that country.
"(b)
Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment to Products of Armenia
Pub. L. 108–429, title II, §2001, Dec. 3, 2004, 118 Stat. 2587, provided that:
"(a)
"(1) Armenia has been found to be in full compliance with the freedom of emigration requirements under title IV of the Trade Act of 1974 [19 U.S.C. 2431 et seq.].
"(2) Armenia acceded to the World Trade Organization on February 5, 2003.
"(3) Since declaring its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Armenia has made considerable progress in enacting free-market reforms.
"(4) Armenia has demonstrated a strong desire to build a friendly and cooperative relationship with the United States and has concluded many bilateral treaties and agreements with the United States.
"(5) Total United States-Armenia bilateral trade for 2002 amounted to more than $134,200,000.
"(b)
"(1) determine that such title should no longer apply to Armenia; and
"(2) after making a determination under paragraph (1) with respect to Armenia, proclaim the extension of nondiscriminatory treatment (normal trade relations treatment) to the products of that country.
"(c)
Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment to Products of Vietnam
Pub. L. 109–432, div. D, title IV, §§4001, 4002, Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3177, 3178, provided that:
"SEC. 4001. FINDINGS.
"Congress finds the following:
"(1) In July 1995, President Bill Clinton announced the formal normalization of diplomatic relations between the United States and Vietnam.
"(2) Vietnam has taken cooperative steps with the United States under the United States Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command (formerly the Joint Task Force-Full Accounting) established in 1992 by President George H.W. Bush to provide the fullest possible accounting of MIA and POW cases.
"(3) In 2000, the United States and Vietnam concluded a bilateral trade agreement that included commitments on goods, services, intellectual property rights, and investment. The agreement was approved by joint resolution enacted pursuant to section 405(c) of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2435(c)), and entered into force in December 2001.
"(4) Since 2001, normal trade relations treatment has consistently been extended to Vietnam pursuant to title IV of the Trade Act of 1974 [19 U.S.C. 2431 et seq.].
"(5) Vietnam has undertaken significant market-based economic reforms, including the reduction of government subsidies, tariffs and nontariff barriers, and extensive legal reform. These measures have dramatically improved Vietnam's business and investment climate.
"(6) Vietnam has completed its negotiations to join the World Trade Organization (WTO). On May 31, 2006, the United States and Vietnam signed a comprehensive bilateral agreement providing greater market access for goods and services and other trade liberalizing commitments. On November 7, 2006, the WTO General Council approved Vietnam's membership. Vietnam's National Assembly ratified Vietnam's WTO accession commitments on November 28, 2006, and Vietnam will become the 150th Member of the WTO 30 days thereafter.
"(7) On November 13, 2006, the Department of State removed Vietnam from its list of Countries of Particular Concern (CPC) for severe violations of religious freedom. In reaching this determination, the Department of State cited significant improvements in Vietnam toward advancing religious freedom, though problems remain that merit immediate attention and important work remains to be done to fully protect religious freedom in Vietnam.
"SEC. 4002. TERMINATION OF APPLICATION OF TITLE IV OF THE TRADE ACT OF 1974 TO VIETNAM.
"(a)
"(1) determine that such title should no longer apply to Vietnam; and
"(2) after making a determination under paragraph (1) with respect to Vietnam, proclaim the extension of nondiscriminatory treatment (normal trade relations treatment) to the products of that country.
"(b)
Pub. L. 107–52, Oct. 16, 2001, 115 Stat. 268, provided: "That the Congress approves the extension of nondiscriminatory treatment with respect to the products of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam transmitted by the President to the Congress on June 8, 2001."
Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment to Products of Georgia
Pub. L. 106–476, title III, Nov. 9, 2000, 114 Stat. 2175, provided that:
"SEC. 3001. FINDINGS.
"Congress finds that Georgia has—
"(1) made considerable progress toward respecting fundamental human rights consistent with the objectives of title IV of the Trade Act of 1974 [19 U.S.C. 2431 et seq.];
"(2) adopted administrative procedures that accord its citizens the right to emigrate, travel freely, and to return to their country without restriction;
"(3) been found to be in full compliance with the freedom of emigration provisions in title IV of the Trade Act of 1974;
"(4) made progress toward democratic rule and creating a free market economic system since its independence from the Soviet Union;
"(5) demonstrated strong and effective enforcement of internationally recognized core labor standards and a commitment to continue to improve effective enforcement of its laws reflecting such standards;
"(6) committed to developing a system of governance in accordance with the provisions of the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (also known as the 'Helsinki Final Act') regarding human rights and humanitarian affairs;
"(7) endeavored to address issues related to its national and religious minorities and, as a member state of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), committed to adopting special measures for ensuring that persons belonging to national minorities have full equality individually as well as in community with other members of their group;
"(8) also committed to enacting legislation to provide protection against incitement to violence against persons or groups based on national, racial, ethnic, or religious discrimination, hostility, or hatred, including anti-Semitism;
"(9) continued to return communal properties confiscated from national and religious minorities during the Soviet period, facilitating the reemergence of these communities in the national life of Georgia and establishing the legal framework for completion of this process in the future;
"(10) concluded a bilateral trade agreement with the United States in 1993 and a bilateral investment treaty in 1994;
"(11) demonstrated a strong desire to build a friendly and cooperative relationship with the United States; and
"(12) acceded to the World Trade Organization on June 14, 2000, and the extension of unconditional normal trade relations treatment to the products of Georgia will enable the United States to avail itself of all rights under the World Trade Organization with respect to Georgia.
"SEC. 3002. TERMINATION OF APPLICATION OF TITLE IV OF THE TRADE ACT OF 1974 TO GEORGIA.
"(a)
"(1) determine that such title should no longer apply to Georgia; and
"(2) after making a determination under paragraph (1) with respect to Georgia, proclaim the extension of nondiscriminatory treatment (normal trade relations treatment) to the products of that country.
"(b)
Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment to Products of People's Republic of China
Pub. L. 106–286, div. A, title I, §§101, 102, Oct. 10, 2000, 114 Stat. 881, 882, provided that:
"SEC. 101. TERMINATION OF APPLICATION OF CHAPTER 1 OF TITLE IV OF THE TRADE ACT OF 1974 TO THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA.
"(a)
"(1) determine that such chapter should no longer apply to the People's Republic of China; and
"(2) after making a determination under paragraph (1) with respect to the People's Republic of China, proclaim the extension of nondiscriminatory treatment (normal trade relations treatment) to the products of that country.
"(b)
"SEC. 102. EFFECTIVE DATE.
"(a)
"(b)
Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment to Products of Albania
Pub. L. 106–200, title III, §301, May 18, 2000, 114 Stat. 288, provided that:
"(a)
"(1) Albania has been found to be in full compliance with the freedom of emigration requirements under title IV of the Trade Act of 1974 [19 U.S.C. 2431 et seq.].
"(2) Since its emergence from communism, Albania has made progress toward democratic rule and the creation of a free-market economy.
"(3) Albania has concluded a bilateral investment treaty with the United States.
"(4) Albania has demonstrated a strong desire to build a friendly relationship with the United States and has been very cooperative with NATO and the international community during and after the Kosova crisis.
"(5) The extension of unconditional normal trade relations treatment to the products of Albania will enable the United States to avail itself of all rights under the World Trade Organization with respect to Albania when that country becomes a member of the World Trade Organization.
"(b)
"(1)
"(A) determine that such title should no longer apply to Albania; and
"(B) after making a determination under subparagraph (A) with respect to Albania, proclaim the extension of nondiscriminatory treatment (normal trade relations treatment) to the products of that country.
"(2)
Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment to Products of Kyrgyzstan
Pub. L. 106–200, title III, §302, May 18, 2000, 114 Stat. 289, provided that:
"(a)
"(1) Kyrgyzstan has been found to be in full compliance with the freedom of emigration requirements under title IV of the Trade Act of 1974 [19 U.S.C. 2431 et seq.].
"(2) Since its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Kyrgyzstan has made great progress toward democratic rule and toward creating a free-market economic system.
"(3) Kyrgyzstan concluded a bilateral investment treaty with the United States in 1994.
"(4) Kyrgyzstan has demonstrated a strong desire to build a friendly and cooperative relationship with the United States.
"(5) The extension of unconditional normal trade relations treatment to the products of Kyrgyzstan will enable the United States to avail itself of all rights under the World Trade Organization with respect to Kyrgyzstan.
"(b)
"(1)
"(A) determine that such title should no longer apply to Kyrgyzstan; and
"(B) after making a determination under subparagraph (A) with respect to Kyrgyzstan, proclaim the extension of nondiscriminatory treatment (normal trade relations treatment) to the products of that country.
"(2)
Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment to Products of Mongolia
Pub. L. 106–36, title II, §2424, June 25, 1999, 113 Stat. 180, provided that:
"(a)
"(1) has received normal trade relations treatment since 1991 and has been found to be in full compliance with the freedom of emigration requirements under title IV of the Trade Act of 1974 [19 U.S.C. 2431 et seq.];
"(2) has emerged from nearly 70 years of communism and dependence on the former Soviet Union, approving a new constitution in 1992 which has established a modern parliamentary democracy charged with guaranteeing fundamental human rights, freedom of expression, and an independent judiciary;
"(3) has held four national elections under the new constitution, two presidential and two parliamentary, thereby solidifying the nation's transition to democracy;
"(4) has undertaken significant market-based economic reforms, including privatization, the reduction of government subsidies, the elimination of most price controls and virtually all import tariffs, and the closing of insolvent banks;
"(5) has concluded a bilateral trade treaty with the United States in 1991, and a bilateral investment treaty in 1994;
"(6) has acceded to the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, and extension of unconditional normal trade relations treatment to the products of Mongolia would enable the United States to avail itself of all rights under the World Trade Organization with respect to Mongolia; and
"(7) has demonstrated a strong desire to build friendly relationships and to cooperate fully with the United States on trade matters.
"(b)
"(1)
"(A) determine that such title should no longer apply to Mongolia; and
"(B) after making a determination under subparagraph (A) with respect to Mongolia, proclaim the extension of nondiscriminatory treatment (normal trade relations treatment) to the products of that country.
"(2)
Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment to Products of Romania
Pub. L. 104–171, Aug. 3, 1996, 110 Stat. 1539, provided that:
"SECTION 1. FINDINGS.
"The Congress finds that—
"(1) Romania emerged from years of brutal Communist dictatorship in 1989 and approved a new Constitution and elected a Parliament by 1991, laying the foundation for a modern parliamentary democracy charged with guaranteeing fundamental human rights, freedom of expression, and respect for private property;
"(2) local elections, parliamentary elections, and presidential elections have been held in Romania, and 1996 will mark the second nationwide presidential elections under the new Constitution;
"(3) Romania has undertaken significant economic reforms, including the establishment of a two-tier banking system, the introduction of a modern tax system, the freeing of most prices and elimination of most subsidies, the adoption of a tariff-based trade regime, and the rapid privatization of industry and nearly all agriculture;
"(4) Romania concluded a bilateral investment treaty with the United States in 1993, and both United States investment in Romania and bilateral trade are increasing rapidly;
"(5) Romania has received most-favored-nation treatment since 1993, and has been found by the President to be in full compliance with the freedom of emigration requirements under title IV of the Trade Act of 1974 [19 U.S.C. 2431 et seq.];
"(6) Romania is a member of the World Trade Organization and extension of unconditional most-favored-nation treatment to the products of Romania would enable the United States to avail itself of all rights under the World Trade Organization with respect to Romania; and
"(7) Romania has demonstrated a strong desire to build friendly relationships and to cooperate fully with the United States on trade matters.
"SEC. 2. TERMINATION OF APPLICATION OF TITLE IV OF THE TRADE ACT OF 1974 TO ROMANIA.
"(a)
"(1) determine that such title should no longer apply to Romania; and
"(2) after making a determination under paragraph (1), proclaim the extension of nondiscriminatory treatment (most-favored-nation treatment) to the products of that country.
"(b)
Pub. L. 103–133, Nov. 2, 1993, 107 Stat. 1373, provided: "That the Congress approves the extension of nondiscriminatory treatment with respect to the products of Romania transmitted by the President to the Congress on July 2, 1993."
Withdrawal of Most-Favored-Nation Status From Serbia and Montenegro
Pub. L. 102–420, Oct. 16, 1992, 106 Stat. 2149, provided that:
"(a)
"(b)
"(1) are the product of Serbia or Montenegro; and
"(2) are entered into the customs territory of the United States on or after the 15th day after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 16, 1992].
"(c)
"(1) has ceased its armed conflict with the other ethnic peoples of the region formerly comprising the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia;
"(2) has agreed to respect the borders of the 6 republics that comprised the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia under the 1974 Yugoslav Constitution; and
"(3) has ceased all support of Serbian forces inside Bosnia-Hercegovina."
Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment to Products of Republic of Albania
Pub. L. 102–363, Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 969, provided: "That the Congress approves the extension of nondiscriminatory treatment with respect to the products of the Republic of Albania transmitted by the President to the Congress on June 16, 1992."
Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment to Products of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Pub. L. 102–197, Dec. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 1622, provided: "That the Congress approves the extension of nondiscriminatory treatment to the products of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics transmitted by the President to the Congress on October 9, 1991."
Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment to Products of Czechoslovakia and Hungary
Pub. L. 102–182, §§1, 2, Dec. 4, 1991, 105 Stat. 1233, provided that:
"SECTION 1. CONGRESSIONAL FINDINGS AND PREPARATORY PRESIDENTIAL ACTION.
"(a)
"(1) dedicated themselves to respect for fundamental human rights;
"(2) accorded to their citizens the right to emigrate and to travel freely;
"(3) reversed over 40 years of communist dictatorship and embraced the establishment of political pluralism, free and fair elections, and multi-party political systems;
"(4) introduced far-reaching economic reforms based on market-oriented principles and have decentralized economic decisionmaking; and
"(5) demonstrated a strong desire to build friendly relationships with the United States.
"(b)
"(1) preserve the commitments of that country under the bilateral commercial agreement in effect between that country and the United States that are consistent with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade; and
"(2) obtain other appropriate commitments.
"SEC. 2. TERMINATION OF APPLICATION OF TITLE IV OF THE TRADE ACT OF 1974 TO CZECHOSLOVAKIA AND HUNGARY.
"(a)
"(1) determine that such title should no longer apply to the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic or to the Republic of Hungary, or to both; and
"(2) after making a determination under paragraph (1) with respect to a country, proclaim the extension of nondiscriminatory treatment (most-favored-nation treatment) to the products of that country.
"(b)
Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment to Products of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
Pub. L. 102–182, title I, Dec. 4, 1991, 105 Stat. 1235, provided that:
"SEC. 101. CONGRESSIONAL FINDINGS.
"The Congress finds the following:
"(1) The Government of the United States extended full diplomatic recognition to Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania in 1922.
"(2) The Government of the United States entered into agreements extending most-favored-nation treatment with the Government of Estonia on August 1, 1925, the Government of Latvia on April 30, 1926, and the Government of Lithuania on July 10, 1926.
"(3) The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics incorporated Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania involuntarily into the Union as a result of a secret protocol to a German-Soviet agreement in 1939 which assigned those three states to the Soviet sphere of influence; and the Government of the United States has at no time recognized the forcible incorporation of those states into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
"(4) The Trade Agreements Extension Act of 1951 [see Short Title of 1951 Amendment note set out under section 1654 of this title] required the President to suspend, withdraw, or prevent the application of trade benefits, including most-favored-nation treatment, to countries under the domination or control of the world Communist movement.
"(5) In 1951, responsible representatives of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania stated that they did not object to the imposition of 'such controls as the Government of the United States may consider to be appropriate' to the products of those countries, for such time as those countries remained under Soviet domination or control.
"(6) In 1990, the democratically elected governments of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania declared the restoration of their independence from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
"(7) The Government of the United States established diplomatic relations with Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania on September 2, 1991, and on September 6, 1991, the State Council of the transitional government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics recognized the independence of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, thereby ending the involuntary incorporation of those countries into, and the domination of those countries by, the Soviet Union.
"(8) Immediate action should be taken to remove the impediments, imposed in response to the circumstances referred to in paragraph (5), in United States trade laws to the extension of nondiscriminatory treatment (most-favored-nation treatment) to the products of those countries.
"(9) As a consequence of establishment of United States diplomatic relations with Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, these independent countries are eligible to receive the benefits of the Generalized System of Preferences provided for in title V of the Trade Act of 1974 [19 U.S.C. 2461 et seq.].
"SEC. 102. EXTENSION OF NONDISCRIMINATORY TREATMENT TO THE PRODUCTS OF ESTONIA, LATVIA, AND LITHUANIA.
"(a)
"(b)
"(c)
"SEC. 103. TERMINATION OF APPLICATION OF TITLE IV OF THE TRADE ACT OF 1974 TO THE BALTICS.
"Title IV of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2431 et seq.) shall cease to apply to Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania effective as of the 15th day after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 4, 1991].
"SEC. 104. SENSE OF THE CONGRESS REGARDING PROMPT PROVISION OF GSP TREATMENT TO THE PRODUCTS OF ESTONIA, LATVIA, AND LITHUANIA.
"It is the sense of the Congress that the President should take prompt action under title V of the Trade Act of 1974 [19 U.S.C. 2461 et seq.] to provide preferential tariff treatment to the products of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania pursuant to the Generalized System of Preferences."
Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment to Products of Bulgaria
Pub. L. 104–162, July 18, 1996, 110 Stat. 1414, provided that:
"SECTION 1. CONGRESSIONAL FINDINGS AND SUPPLEMENTAL ACTION.
"(a)
"(1) has received most-favored-nation treatment since 1991 and has been found to be in full compliance with the freedom of emigration requirements under title IV of the Trade Act of 1974 [19 U.S.C. 2431 et seq.] since 1993;
"(2) has reversed many years of Communist dictatorship and instituted a constitutional republic ruled by a democratically elected government as well as basic market-oriented reforms, including privatization;
"(3) is in the process of acceding to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the World Trade Organization (WTO), and extension of unconditional most-favored-nation treatment would enable the United States to avail itself of all rights under the GATT and the WTO with respect to Bulgaria; and
"(4) has demonstrated a strong desire to build friendly relationships and to cooperate fully with the United States on trade matters.
"(b)
"SEC. 2. TERMINATION OF APPLICATION OF TITLE IV OF THE TRADE ACT OF 1974 TO BULGARIA.
"(a)
"(1) determine that such title should no longer apply to Bulgaria; and
"(2) after making a determination under paragraph (1) with respect to Bulgaria, proclaim the extension of nondiscriminatory treatment (most-favored-nation treatment) to the products of that country.
"(b)
Pub. L. 102–158, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1041, provided: "That the Congress approves the extension of nondiscriminatory treatment to the products of the People's Republic of Bulgaria transmitted by the President to the Congress on June 25, 1991."
Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment to Products of Mongolian People's Republic
Pub. L. 102–157, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1040, provided: "That the Congress approves the extension of nondiscriminatory treatment to the products of the Mongolian People's Republic transmitted by the President to the Congress on June 25, 1991."
Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment to Products of Czechoslovakia
Pub. L. 101–541, Nov. 8, 1990, 104 Stat. 2380, provided: "That the Congress approves the extension of nondiscriminatory treatment with respect to the products of Czechoslovakia transmitted by the President to the Congress on September 6, 1990."
Authority of President To Deny and To Restore Nondiscriminatory Trade Treatment to Products of Afghanistan or To Deny or To Restore Credits, etc., to Afghanistan
Pub. L. 99–190, §118, Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1319, provided that:
"(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the President is authorized—
"(1) to deny nondiscriminatory (most-favored-nation) trade treatment to the products of Afghanistan and thereby cause such products to be subject to the rate of duty set forth in column number 2 of the Tariff Schedules of the United States, and
"(2) to deny credit, credit guarantees, and investment guarantees to, or for the benefit of, Afghanistan under any Federal program.
"(b) If the President has not denied nondiscriminatory trade treatment to the products of Afghanistan before the date that is 45 days after the date of enactment of this joint resolution [Dec. 19, 1985], the President shall submit to the Congress on such date a report which states the reasons why the President has not denied such treatment.
"(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, if the President takes any action under subsection (a), the President is authorized to—
"(1) restore nondiscriminatory trade treatment to the products of Afghanistan, and
"(2) extend credit, credit guarantees, and investment guarantees to, or for the benefit of, Afghanistan under any Federal program. [sic]
only if the President provides written notice of such restoration or extension to the Congress at least 30 days prior to the date on which such restoration or extension takes effect.
"(d) For purposes of this joint resolution, the term 'product of Afghanistan' means any article which is grown, produced, or manufactured (in whole or in part) in Afghanistan."
Similar provisions were contained in Pub. L. 99–190, §101(i) [title V, §552], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1291, 1314.
Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment to Products of Socialist Republic of Romania
S. Con. Res. 35, July 28, 1975, 89 Stat. 1202, provided: "That the Congress approves the extension of nondiscriminatory treatment with respect to the products of the Socialist Republic of Romania transmitted by the President to the Congress on April 25, 1975."
Presidential Documents Relating to Extension of Nondiscriminatory Trade Treatment
Determination of President of the United States, No. 93–3, Oct. 7, 1992, 57 F.R. 47557.
Proc. No. 5437, Jan. 31, 1986, 51 F.R. 4287.
Determination of President of the United States, No. 96–44, Aug. 27, 1996, 61 F.R. 45859.
Proc. No. 6445, June 15, 1992, 57 F.R. 26921.
Determination of President of the United States, No. 92–33, June 15, 1992, 57 F.R. 28583.
Determination of President of the United States, No. 96–47, Aug. 27, 1996, 61 F.R. 45865.
Proc. No. 6307, June 24, 1991, 56 F.R. 29787.
Determination of President of the United States, No. 91–43, June 24, 1991, 56 F.R. 31037.
Determination of President of the United States, No. 98–13, Jan. 30, 1998, 63 F.R. 5857.
Determination of President of the United States, No. 96–33, June 21, 1996, 61 F.R. 32631.
Determination of President of the United States, No. 92–12, Jan. 31, 1992, 57 F.R. 19077.
Memorandum of President of the United States, Dec. 19, 1988, 53 F.R. 51217.
Memorandum of President of the United States, Dec. 23, 1982, 47 F.R. 57653.
Proc. No. 4697, Oct. 23, 1979, 44 F.R. 61161.
Determination of President of the United States, No. 92–21, Apr. 10, 1992, 57 F.R. 12863.
Proc. No. 6175, Sept. 6, 1990, 55 F.R. 37643.
Memorandum of President of the United States, Sept. 6, 1990, 55 F.R. 39259.
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