Table 1 of this section sets out the statutory civil penalty provisions of statutes administered by the EPA, with the third column setting out the latest operative statutory civil penalty levels for violations that occur or occurred after November 2, 2015, where penalties are assessed on or after January 13, 2020. The fourth column displays the operative statutory civil penalty levels where penalties were assessed on or after February 6, 2019, but before January 13, 2020. Table 2 of this section sets out the statutory civil penalty provision of statutes administered by the EPA, with the operative statutory civil penalty levels, as adjusted for inflation, for violations that occurred on or before November 2, 2015, and for violations that occurred after November 2, 2015, where penalties were assessed before August 1, 2016.
Table 1 of §19.4—Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustments
| U.S. Code citation | Environmental statute |
Statutory civil penalties for violations that occurred after November 2, 2015, where penalties are assessed on or after January 13, 2020 |
Statutory civil penalties for violations that occurred after November 2, 2015, where penalties were assessed on or after February 6, 2019 but before January 13, 2020 |
Statutory civil penalties, as enacted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 U.S.C. 136l(a)(1) | FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND RODENTICIDE ACT (FIFRA) | $20,288 | $19,936 | $5,000 |
| 7 U.S.C. 136l(a)(2)1 | FIFRA | 2,976/1,917/2,976 | 2,924/1,884/2,924 | 1,000/500/1,000 |
| 15 U.S.C. 2615(a)(1) | TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (TSCA) | 40,576 | 39,873 | 25,000 |
| 15 U.S.C. 2647(a) | TSCA | 11,665 | 11,463 | 5,000 |
| 15 U.S.C. 2647(g) | TSCA | 9,639 | 9,472 | 5,000 |
| 31 U.S.C. 3802(a)(1) | PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES ACT (PFCRA) | 11,665 | 11,463 | 5,000 |
| 31 U.S.C. 3802(a)(2) | PFCRA | 11,665 | 11,463 | 5,000 |
| 33 U.S.C. 1319(d) | CLEAN WATER ACT (CWA) | 55,800 | 54,833 | 25,000 |
| 33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(A) | CWA | 22,320/55,800 | 21,933/54,833 | 10,000/25,000 |
| 33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(B) | CWA | 22,320/278,995 | 21,933/274,159 | 10,000/125,000 |
| 33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(6)(B)(i) | CWA | 19,277/48,192 | 18,943/47,357 | 10,000/25,000 |
| 33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(6)(B)(ii) | CWA | 19,277/240,960 | 18,943/236,783 | 10,000/125,000 |
| 33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(A) | CWA | 48,192/1,928 | 47,357/1,895 | 25,000/1,000 |
| 33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(B) | CWA | 48,192 | 47,357 | 25,000 |
| 33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(C) | CWA | 48,192 | 47,357 | 25,000 |
| 33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(D) | CWA | 192,768/5,783 | 189,427/5,683 | 100,000/3,000 |
| 33 U.S.C. 1414b(d)(1) | MARINE PROTECTION, RESEARCH, AND SANCTUARIES ACT (MPRSA) | 1,284 | 1,262 | 600 |
| 33 U.S.C. 1415(a) | MPRSA | 202,878/267,621 | 199,361/262,982 | 50,000/125,000 |
| 33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(a)(2)(A)) | CERTAIN ALASKAN CRUISE SHIP OPERATIONS (CACSO) | 14,791/36,975 | 14,535/36,334 | 10,000/25,000 |
| 33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(a)(2)(B)) | CACSO | 14,791/184,874 | 14,535/181,669 | 10,000/125,000 |
| 33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(b)(1)) | CACSO | 36,975 | 36,334 | 25,000 |
| 33 U.S.C. 1908(b)(1) | ACT TO PREVENT POLLUTION FROM SHIPS (APPS) | 75,867 | 74,552 | 25,000 |
| 33 U.S.C. 1908(b)(2) | APPS | 15,173 | 14,910 | 5,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 300g-3(b) | SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT (SDWA) | 58,328 | 57,317 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(A) | SDWA | 58,328 | 57,317 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(B) | SDWA | 11,665/40,640 | 11,463/39,936 | 5,000/25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(C) | SDWA | 40,640 | 39,936 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 300h-2(b)(1) | SDWA | 58,328 | 57,317 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 300h-2(c)(1) | SDWA | 23,331/291,641 | 22,927/286,586 | 10,000/125,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 300h-2(c)(2) | SDWA | 11,665/291,641 | 11,463/286,586 | 5,000/125,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 300h-3(c) | SDWA | 20,288/43,280 | 19,936/42,530 | 5,000/10,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 300i(b) | SDWA | 24,386 | 23,963 | 15,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 300i-1(c) | SDWA | 141,943/1,419,442 | 139,483/1,394,837 | 100,000/1,000,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 300j(e)(2) | SDWA | 10,143 | 9,967 | 2,500 |
| 42 U.S.C. 300j-4(c) | SDWA | 58,328 | 57,317 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 300j-6(b)(2) | SDWA | 40,640 | 39,936 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 300j-23(d) | SDWA | 10,705/107,050 | 10,519/105,194 | 5,000/50,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 4852d(b)(5) | RESIDENTIAL LEAD-BASED PAINT HAZARD REDUCTION ACT OF 1992 | 18,149 | 17,834 | 10,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 4910(a)(2) | NOISE CONTROL ACT OF 1972 | 38,352 | 37,687 | 10,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 6928(a)(3) | RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT (RCRA) | 101,439 | 99,681 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 6928(c) | RCRA | 61,098 | 60,039 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 6928(g) | RCRA | 75,867 | 74,552 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 6928(h)(2) | RCRA | 61,098 | 60,039 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 6934(e) | RCRA | 15,173 | 14,910 | 5,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 6973(b) | RCRA | 15,173 | 14,910 | 5,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 6991e(a)(3) | RCRA | 61,098 | 60,039 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 6991e(d)(1) | RCRA | 24,441 | 24,017 | 10,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 6991e(d)(2) | RCRA | 24,441 | 24,017 | 10,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 7413(b) | CLEAN AIR ACT (CAA) | 101,439 | 99,681 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 7413(d)(1) | CAA | 48,192/385,535 | 47,357/378,852 | 25,000/200,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 7413(d)(3) | CAA | 9,639 | 9,472 | 5,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 7524(a) | CAA | 48,192/4,819 | 47,357/4,735 | 25,000/2,500 |
| 42 U.S.C. 7524(c)(1) | CAA | 385,535 | 378,852 | 200,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 7545(d)(1) | CAA | 48,192 | 47,357 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 9604(e)(5)(B) | COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE, COMPENSATION, AND LIABILITY ACT (CERCLA) | 58,328 | 57,317 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 9606(b)(1) | CERCLA | 58,328 | 57,317 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 9609(a)(1) | CERCLA | 58,328 | 57,317 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 9609(b) | CERCLA | 58,328/174,985 | 57,317/171,952 | 25,000/75,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 9609(c) | CERCLA | 58,328/174,985 | 57,317/171,952 | 25,000/75,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 11045(a) | EMERGENCY PLANNING AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW ACT (EPCRA) | 58,328 | 57,317 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(1)(A) | EPCRA | 58,328 | 57,317 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(2) | EPCRA | 58,328/174,985 | 57,317/171,952 | 25,000/75,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(3) | EPCRA | 58,328/174,985 | 57,317/171,952 | 25,000/75,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 11045(c)(1) | EPCRA | 58,328 | 57,317 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 11045(c)(2) | EPCRA | 23,331 | 22,927 | 10,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 11045(d)(1) | EPCRA | 58,328 | 57,317 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 14304(a)(1) | MERCURY-CONTAINING AND RECHARGEABLE BATTERY MANAGEMENT ACT (BATTERY ACT) | 16,258 | 15,976 | 10,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 14304(g) | BATTERY ACT | 16,258 | 15,976 | 10,000 |
1Note that 7 U.S.C. 136l(a)(2) contains three separate statutory maximum civil penalty provisions. The first mention of $1,000 and the $500 statutory maximum civil penalty amount were originally enacted in 1978 (Pub. L. 95-396), and the second mention of $1,000 was enacted in 1972 (Pub. L. 92-516).
Table 2 of §19.4—Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustments
| U.S. Code citation | Environmental statute | Statutory civil penalties for violations after December 6, 2013 through November 2, 2015, or assessed before August 1, 2016 | Statutory civil penalties for violations after January 12, 2009 through December 6, 2013 | Statutory civil penalties for violations after March 15, 2004 through January 12, 2009 | Statutory civil penalties for violations after January 30, 1997 through March 15, 2004 | Statutory civil penalties, as enacted |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 U.S.C. 136l(a)(1) | FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND RODENTICIDE ACT (FIFRA) | $7,500 | $7,500 | $6,500 | $5,500 | $5,000 |
| 7 U.S.C. 136l(a)(2) | FIFRA | 750/1,100 | 750/1,100 | 650/1,100 | 550/1,000 | 500/1,000 |
| 15 U.S.C. 2615(a)(1) | TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (TSCA) | 37,500 | 37,500 | 32,500 | 27,500 | 25,000 |
| 15 U.S.C. 2647(a) | TSCA | 7,500 | 7,500 | 6,500 | 5,500 | 5,000 |
| 15 U.S.C. 2647(g) | TSCA | 7,500 | 7,500 | 5,500 | 5,000 | 5,000 |
| 31 U.S.C. 3802(a)(1) | PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES ACT (PFCRA) | 7,500 | 7,500 | 6,500 | 5,500 | 5,000 |
| 31 U.S.C. 3802(a)(2) | PFCRA | 7,500 | 7,500 | 6,500 | 5,500 | 5,000 |
| 33 U.S.C. 1319(d) | CLEAN WATER ACT (CWA) | 37,500 | 37,500 | 32,500 | 27,500 | 25,000 |
| 33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(A) | CWA | 16,000/37,500 | 16,000/37,500 | 11,000/32,500 | 11,000/27,500 | 10,000/25,000 |
| 33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(B) | CWA | 16,000/187,500 | 16,000/177,500 | 11,000/157,500 | 11,000/137,500 | 10,000/125,000 |
| 33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(6)(B)(i) | CWA | 16,000/37,500 | 16,000/37,500 | 11,000/32,500 | 11,000/27,500 | 10,000/25,000 |
| 33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(6)(B)(ii) | CWA | 16,000/187,500 | 16,000/177,500 | 11,000/157,500 | 11,000/137,500 | 10,000/125,000 |
| 33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(A) | CWA | 37,500/2,100 | 37,500/1,100 | 32,500/1,100 | 27,500/1,100 | 25,000/1,000 |
| 33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(B) | CWA | 37,500 | 37,500 | 32,500 | 27,500 | 25,000 |
| 33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(C) | CWA | 37,500 | 37,500 | 32,500 | 27,500 | 25,000 |
| 33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(D) | CWA | 150,000/5,300 | 140,000/4,300 | 130,000/4,300 | 110,000/3,300 | 100,000/3,000 |
| 33 U.S.C. 1414b(d)(1)1 | MARINE PROTECTION, RESEARCH, AND SANCTUARIES ACT (MPRSA) | 860 | 860 | 760 | 660 | 600 |
| 33 U.S.C. 1415(a) | MPRSA | 75,000/187,500 | 70,000/177,500 | 65,000/157,500 | 55,000/137,500 | 50,000/125,000 |
| 33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(a)(2)(A)) | CERTAIN ALASKAN CRUISE SHIP OPERATIONS (CACSO) | 11,000/27,500 | 11,000/27,500 | 10,000/25,000 | 10,000/225,000 | 10,000/25,000 |
| 33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(a)(2)(B)) | CACSO | 11,000/147,500 | 11,000/137,500 | 10,000/125,000 | 10,000/125,000 | 10,000/125,000 |
| 33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(b)(1)) | CACSO | 27,500 | 27,500 | 25,000 | 25,000 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 300g-3(b) | SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT (SDWA) | 37,500 | 37,500 | 32,500 | 27,500 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(A) | SDWA | 37,500 | 37,500 | 32,500 | 27,500 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(B) | SDWA | 7,000/32,500 | 7,000/32,500 | 6,000/27,500 | 5,000/25,000 | 5,000/25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(C) | SDWA | 32,500 | 32,500 | 27,500 | 25,000 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 300h-2(b)(1) | SDWA | 37,500 | 37,500 | 32,500 | 27,500 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 300h-2(c)(1) | SDWA | 16,000/187,500 | 16,000/177,500 | 11,000/157,500 | 11,000/137,500 | 10,000/125,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 300h-2(c)(2) | SDWA | 7,500/187,500 | 7,500/177,500 | 6,500/157,500 | 5,500/137,500 | 5,000/125,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 300h-3(c) | SDWA | 7,500/16,000 | 7,500/16,000 | 6,500/11,000 | 5,500/11,000 | 5,000/10,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 300i(b) | SDWA | 21,500 | 16,500 | 16,500 | 15,000 | 15,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 300i-1(c) | SDWA | 120,000/1,150,000 | 110,000/1,100,000 | 100,000/1,000,000 | 22,000/355,000 | 20,000/50,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 300j(e)(2) | SDWA | 3,750 | 3,750 | 2,750 | 2,750 | 2,500 |
| 42 U.S.C. 300j-4(c) | SDWA | 37,500 | 37,500 | 32,500 | 27,500 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 300j-6(b)(2) | SDWA | 32,500 | 32,500 | 27,500 | 25,000 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 300j-23(d) | SDWA | 7,500/75,000 | 7,500/70,000 | 6,500/65,000 | 5,500/55,000 | 5,000/50,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 4852d(b)(5) | RESIDENTIAL LEAD-BASED PAINT HAZARD REDUCTION ACT OF 1992 | 16,000 | 16,000 | 11,000 | 11,000 | 10,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 4910(a)(2) | NOISE CONTROL ACT OF 1972 | 16,000 | 16,000 | 11,000 | 11,000 | 10,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 6928(a)(3) | RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT (RCRA) | 37,500 | 37,500 | 32,500 | 27,500 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 6928(c) | RCRA | 37,500 | 37,500 | 32,500 | 27,500 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 6928(g) | RCRA | 37,500 | 37,500 | 32,500 | 27,500 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 6928(h)(2) | RCRA | 37,500 | 37,500 | 32,500 | 27,500 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 6934(e) | RCRA | 7,500 | 7,500 | 6,500 | 5,500 | 5,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 6973(b) | RCRA | 7,500 | 7,500 | 6,500 | 5,500 | 5,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 6991e(a)(3) | RCRA | 37,500 | 37,500 | 32,500 | 27,500 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 6991e(d)(1) | RCRA | 16,000 | 16,000 | 11,000 | 11,000 | 10,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 6991e(d)(2) | RCRA | 16,000 | 16,000 | 11,000 | 11,000 | 10,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 7413(b) | CLEAN AIR ACT (CAA) | 37,500 | 37,500 | 32,500 | 27,500 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 7413(d)(1) | CAA | 37,500/320,000 | 37,500/295,000 | 32,500/270,000 | 27,500/220,000 | 25,000/200,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 7413(d)(3) | CAA | 7,500 | 7,500 | 6,500 | 5,500 | 5,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 7524(a) | CAA | 3,750/37,500 | 3,750/37,500 | 2,750/32,500 | 2,750/27,500 | 2,500/25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 7524(c)(1) | CAA | 320,000 | 295,000 | 270,000 | 220,000 | 200,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 7545(d)(1) | CAA | 37,500 | 37,500 | 32,500 | 27,500 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 9604(e)(5)(B) | COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE, COMPENSATION, AND LIABILITY ACT (CERCLA) | 37,500 | 37,500 | 32,500 | 27,500 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 9606(b)(1) | CERCLA | 37,500 | 37,500 | 32,500 | 27,500 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 9609(a)(1) | CERCLA | 37,500 | 37,500 | 32,500 | 27,500 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 9609(b) | CERCLA | 37,500/117,500 | 37,500/107,500 | 32,500/97,500 | 27,500/82,500 | 25,000/75,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 9609(c) | CERCLA | 37,500/117,500 | 37,500/107,500 | 32,500/97,500 | 27,500/82,500 | 25,000/75,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 11045(a) | EMERGENCY PLANNING AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW ACT (EPCRA) | 37,500 | 37,500 | 32,500 | 27,500 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(1)(A)4 | EPCRA | 37,500 | 37,500 | 32,500 | 27,500 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(2) | EPCRA | 37,500/117,500 | 37,500/107,500 | 32,500/97,500 | 27,500/82,500 | 25,000/75,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(3) | EPCRA | 37,500/117,500 | 37,500/107,500 | 32,500/97,500 | 27,500/82,500 | 25,000/75,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 11045(c)(1) | EPCRA | 37,500 | 37,500 | 32,500 | 27,500 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 11045(c)(2) | EPCRA | 16,000 | 16,000 | 11,000 | 11,000 | 10,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 11045(d)(1) | EPCRA | 37,500 | 37,500 | 32,500 | 27,500 | 25,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 14304(a)(1) | MERCURY-CONTAINING AND RECHARGEABLE BATTERY MANAGEMENT ACT (BATTERY ACT) | 16,000 | 16,000 | 11,000 | 10,000 | 10,000 |
| 42 U.S.C. 14304(g) | BATTERY ACT | 16,000 | 16,000 | 11,000 | 10,000 | 10,000 |
1Note that 33 U.S.C. 1414b (d)(1)(B) contains additional penalty escalation provisions that must be applied to the penalty amounts set forth in this Table 2. The amounts set forth in this Table 2 reflect an inflation adjustment to the calendar year 1992 penalty amount expressed in section 104B(d)(1)(A), which is used to calculate the applicable penalty amount under MPRSA section 104B(d)(1)(B) for violations that occur in any subsequent calendar year.
2CACSO was passed on December 21, 2000 as part of Title XIV of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2001, Public Law 106-554, 33 U.S.C. 1901 note.
3The original statutory penalty amounts of $20,000 and $50,000 under section 1432(c) of the SDWA, 42 U.S.C. 300i-1(c), were subsequently increased by Congress pursuant to section 403 of the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002, Public Law 107-188 (June 12, 2002), to $100,000 and $1,000,000, respectively. The EPA did not adjust these new penalty amounts in its 2004 Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustment Rule (“2004 Rule”), published on February 13, 2004, because they had gone into effect less than two years prior to the 2004 Rule.
4Consistent with how the EPA's other penalty authorities are displayed under this section, this Table 2 now delineates, on a subpart-by-subpart basis, the penalty authorities enumerated under section 325(b) of EPCRA, 42 U.S.C. 11045(b) (i.e., 42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(1)(A), (b)(2), and (b)(3)).
[85 FR 1753, Jan. 13, 2020]
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