31 U.S.C. § 5330 — Registration of money transmitting businesses

1. (a)Registration With Secretary of the Treasury Required
   1. (1)In generalAny person who owns or controls a money transmitting business shall register the business (whether or not the business is licensed as a money transmitting business in any State) with the Secretary of the Treasury not later than the end of the 180-day period beginning on the later of—
      1. (A)the date of enactment of the Money Laundering Suppression Act of 1994; or
      2. (B)the date on which the business is established.
   2. (2)Form and manner of registrationSubject to the requirements of subsection (b), the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe, by regulation, the form and manner for registering a money transmitting business pursuant to paragraph (1).
   3. (3)Businesses remain subject to state lawThis section shall not be construed as superseding any requirement of State law relating to money transmitting businesses operating in such State.
   4. (4)False and incomplete informationThe filing of false or materially incomplete information in connection with the registration of a money transmitting business shall be considered as a failure to comply with the requirements of this subchapter.
2. (b)Contents of RegistrationThe registration of a money transmitting business under subsection (a) shall include the following information:
   1. (1)The name and location of the business.
   2. (2)The name and address of each person who—
      1. (A)owns or controls the business;
      2. (B)is a director or officer of the business; or
      3. (C)otherwise participates in the conduct of the affairs of the business.
   3. (3)The name and address of any depository institution at which the business maintains a transaction account (as defined in section 19(b)(1)(C) of the Federal Reserve Act).
   4. (4)An estimate of the volume of business in the coming year (which shall be reported annually to the Secretary).
   5. (5)Such other information as the Secretary of the Treasury may require.
3. (c)Agents of Money Transmitting Businesses
   1. (1)Maintenance of lists of agents of money transmitting businessesPursuant to regulations which the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe, each money transmitting business shall—
      1. (A)maintain a list containing the names and addresses of all persons authorized to act as an agent for such business in connection with activities described in subsection (d)(1)(A) and such other information about such agents as the Secretary may require; and
      2. (B)make the list and other information available on request to any appropriate law enforcement agency.
   2. (2)Treatment of agent as money transmitting businessThe Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe regulations establishing, on the basis of such criteria as the Secretary determines to be appropriate, a threshold point for treating an agent of a money transmitting business as a money transmitting business for purposes of this section.
4. (d)DefinitionsFor purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply:
   1. (1)Money transmitting businessThe term “money transmitting business” means any business other than the United States Postal Service which—
      1. (A)provides check cashing, currency exchange, or money transmitting or remittance services, or issues or redeems money orders, travelers’ checks, and other similar instruments or any other person who engages as a business in the transmission of currency, funds, or value that substitutes for currency, including any person who engages as a business in an informal money transfer system or any network of people who engage as a business in facilitating the transfer of money domestically or internationally outside of the conventional financial institutions system;
      2. (B)is required to file reports under section 5313; and
      3. (C)is not a depository institution (as defined in section 5313(g)).
   2. (2)Money transmitting serviceThe term “money transmitting service” includes accepting currency, funds, or value that substitutes for currency and transmitting the currency, funds, or value that substitutes for currency by any means, including through a financial agency or institution, a Federal reserve bank or other facility of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, or an electronic funds transfer network.
5. (e)Civil Penalty for Failure To Comply With Registration Requirements
   1. (1)In generalAny person who fails to comply with any requirement of this section or any regulation prescribed under this section shall be liable to the United States for a civil penalty of $5,000 for each such violation.
   2. (2)Continuing violationEach day a violation described in paragraph (1) continues shall constitute a separate violation for purposes of such paragraph.
   3. (3)AssessmentsAny penalty imposed under this subsection shall be assessed and collected by the Secretary of the Treasury in the manner provided in section 5321 and any such assessment shall be subject to the provisions of such section.