You must calculate and report the annual process CO2 emissions from each kiln using the procedure in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section.
(a) For each cement kiln that meets the conditions specified in §98.33(b)(4)(ii) or (b)(4)(iii), you must calculate and report under this subpart the combined process and combustion CO2 emissions by operating and maintaining a CEMS to measure CO2 emissions according to the Tier 4 Calculation Methodology specified in §98.33(a)(4) and all associated requirements for Tier 4 in subpart C of this part (General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources).
(b) For each kiln that is not subject to the requirements in paragraph (a) of this section, calculate and report the process and combustion CO2 emissions from the kiln by using the procedure in either paragraph (c) or (d) of this section.
(c) Calculate and report under this subpart the combined process and combustion CO2 emissions by operating and maintaining a CEMS to measure CO2 emissions according to the Tier 4 Calculation Methodology specified in §98.33(a)(4) and all associated requirements for Tier 4 in subpart C of this part (General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources).
(d) Calculate and report process and combustion CO2 emissions separately using the procedures specified in paragraphs (d)(1) through (d)(4) of this section.
(1) Calculate CO2 process emissions from all kilns at the facility using Equation H-1 of this section:
Where:
CO2 CMF = Annual process emissions of CO2 from cement manufacturing, metric tons.
CO2 Cli,m = Total annual emissions of CO2 from clinker production from kiln m, metric tons.
CO2 rm = Total annual emissions of CO2 from raw materials, metric tons.
k = Total number of kilns at a cement manufacturing facility.
(2) CO2 emissions from clinker production. Calculate CO2 emissions from each kiln using Equations H-2 through H-5 of this section.
Where:
Cli,j = Quantity of clinker produced in month j from kiln m, tons.
EFCli,j = Kiln specific clinker emission factor for month j for kiln m, metric tons CO2/metric ton clinker computed as specified in Equation H-3 of this section.
CKD,i = Cement kiln dust (CKD) not recycled to the kiln in quarter i from kiln m, tons.
EFCKD,i = Kiln specific CKD emission factor for quarter i from kiln m, metric tons CO2/metric ton CKD computed as specified in Equation H-4 of this section.
p = Number of months for clinker calculation, 12.
r = Number of quarters for CKD calculation, 4.
2000/2205 = Conversion factor to convert tons to metric tons.
(i) Kiln-Specific Clinker Emission Factor.
(A) Calculate the kiln-specific clinker emission factor using Equation H-3 of this section.
Where:
CliCaO = Monthly total CaO content of Clinker, wt-fraction.
ClincCaO = Monthly non-calcined CaO content of Clinker, wt-fraction.
MRCaO = Molecular-weight Ratio of CO2/CaO = 0.785.
CliMgO = Monthly total MgO content of Clinker, wt-fraction.
ClincMgO = Monthly non-calcined MgO content of Clinker, wt-fraction.
MRMgO = Molecular-weight Ratio of CO2/MgO = 1.092.
(B) Non-calcined CaO is CaO that remains in the clinker in the form of CaCO3 and CaO in the clinker that entered the kiln as a non-carbonate species. Non-calcined MgO is MgO that remains in the clinker in the form of MgCO3 and MgO in the clinker that entered the kiln as a non-carbonate species.
(ii) Kiln-Specific CKD Emission Factor.
(A) Calculate the kiln-specific CKD emission factor for CKD not recycled to the kiln using Equation H-4 of this section.
Where:
CKDCaO = Quarterly total CaO content of CKD not recycled to the kiln, wt-fraction.
CKDCaO = Quarterly non-calcined CaO content of CKD not recycled to the kiln, wt-fraction.
MRCaO = Molecular-weight Ratio of CO2/CaO = 0.785.
CKDMgO = Quarterly total MgO content of CKD not recycled to the kiln, wt-fraction.
CKDMgO = Quarterly non-calcined MgO content of CKD not recycled to the kiln, wt-fraction.
MRMgO = Molecular-weight Ratio of CO2/MgO = 1.092.
(B) Non-calcined CaO is CaO that remains in the CKD in the form of CaCO3 and CaO in the CKD that entered the kiln as a non-carbonate species. Non-calcined MgO is MgO that remains in the CKD in the form of MgCO3 and MgO in the CKD that entered the kiln as a non-carbonate species.
(3) CO2 emissions from raw materials. Calculate CO2 emissions from raw materials using Equation H-5 of this section:
Where:
rm = The amount of raw material i consumed annually, tons/yr (dry basis) or the amount of raw kiln feed consumed annually, tons/yr (dry basis).
CO2,rm = Annual CO2 emissions from raw materials.
TOCrm = Organic carbon content of raw material i or organic carbon content of combined raw kiln feed (dry basis), as determined in §98.84(c) or using a default factor of 0.2 percent of total raw material weight.
M = Number of raw materials or 1 if calculating emissions based on combined raw kiln feed.
44/12 = Ratio of molecular weights, CO2 to carbon.
2000/2205 = Conversion factor to convert tons to metric tons.
(4) Calculate and report under subpart C of this part (General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources) the combustion CO2 emissions from the kiln according to the applicable requirements in subpart C.
[74 FR 56374, Oct. 30, 2009, as amended at 75 FR 66461, Oct. 28, 2010]
Tried the LawStack mobile app?
Join thousands and try LawStack mobile for FREE today.
- Carry the law offline, wherever you go.
- Download CFR, USC, rules, and state law to your mobile device.
