In this subchapter, except as specified otherwise:

(1) Breach

(A) In general
The term "breach" means the unauthorized acquisition, access, use, or disclosure of protected health information which compromises the security or privacy of such information, except where an unauthorized person to whom such information is disclosed would not reasonably have been able to retain such information.

(B) Exceptions
The term "breach" does not include—

(i) any unintentional acquisition, access, or use of protected health information by an employee or individual acting under the authority of a covered entity or business associate if—

(I) such acquisition, access, or use was made in good faith and within the course and scope of the employment or other professional relationship of such employee or individual, respectively, with the covered entity or business associate; and

(II) such information is not further acquired, accessed, used, or disclosed by any person; or

(ii) any inadvertent disclosure from an individual who is otherwise authorized to access protected health information at a facility operated by a covered entity or business associate to another similarly situated individual at ¹ same facility; and

(iii) any such information received as a result of such disclosure is not further acquired, accessed, used, or disclosed without authorization by any person.

(2) Business associate
The term "business associate" has the meaning given such term in section 160.103 of title 45, Code of Federal Regulations.

(3) Covered entity
The term "covered entity" has the meaning given such term in section 160.103 of title 45, Code of Federal Regulations.

(4) Disclose
The terms "disclose" and "disclosure" have the meaning given the term "disclosure" in section 160.103 of title 45, Code of Federal Regulations.

(5) Electronic health record
The term "electronic health record" means an electronic record of health-related information on an individual that is created, gathered, managed, and consulted by authorized health care clinicians and staff.

(6) Health care operations
The term "health care operation" has the meaning given such term in section 164.501 of title 45, Code of Federal Regulations.

(7) Health care provider
The term "health care provider" has the meaning given such term in section 160.103 of title 45, Code of Federal Regulations.

(8) Health plan
The term "health plan" has the meaning given such term in section 160.103 of title 45, Code of Federal Regulations.

(9) National Coordinator
The term "National Coordinator" means the head of the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology established under section 300jj–11(a) of this title, as added by section 13101.²

(10) Payment
The term "payment" has the meaning given such term in section 164.501 of title 45, Code of Federal Regulations.

(11) Personal health record
The term "personal health record" means an electronic record of PHR identifiable health information (as defined in section 17937(f)(2) of this title) on an individual that can be drawn from multiple sources and that is managed, shared, and controlled by or primarily for the individual.

(12) Protected health information
The term "protected health information" has the meaning given such term in section 160.103 of title 45, Code of Federal Regulations.

(13) Secretary
The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Health and Human Services.

(14) Security
The term "security" has the meaning given such term in section 164.304 of title 45, Code of Federal Regulations.

(15) State
The term "State" means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands.

(16) Treatment
The term "treatment" has the meaning given such term in section 164.501 of title 45, Code of Federal Regulations.

(17) Use
The term "use" has the meaning given such term in section 160.103 of title 45, Code of Federal Regulations.

(18) Vendor of personal health records
The term "vendor of personal health records" means an entity, other than a covered entity (as defined in paragraph (3)), that offers or maintains a personal health record.