(a) Affiliated group defined
For purposes of this subtitle—
(1) In general
The term "affiliated group" means—
(A) 1 or more chains of includible corporations connected through stock ownership with a common parent corporation which is an includible corporation, but only if—
(B)
(i) the common parent owns directly stock meeting the requirements of paragraph (2) in at least 1 of the other includible corporations, and
(ii) stock meeting the requirements of paragraph (2) in each of the includible corporations (except the common parent) is owned directly by 1 or more of the other includible corporations.
(2) 80-percent voting and value test
The ownership of stock of any corporation meets the requirements of this paragraph if it—
(A) possesses at least 80 percent of the total voting power of the stock of such corporation, and
(B) has a value equal to at least 80 percent of the total value of the stock of such corporation.
(3) 5 years must elapse before reconsolidation
(A) In general
If—
(i) a corporation is included (or required to be included) in a consolidated return filed by an affiliated group, and
(ii) such corporation ceases to be a member of such group,
with respect to periods after such cessation, such corporation (and any successor of such corporation) may not be included in any consolidated return filed by the affiliated group (or by another affiliated group with the same common parent or a successor of such common parent) before the 61st month beginning after its first taxable year in which it ceased to be a member of such affiliated group.
(B) Secretary may waive application of subparagraph (A)
The Secretary may waive the application of subparagraph (A) to any corporation for any period subject to such conditions as the Secretary may prescribe.
(4) Stock not to include certain preferred stock
For purposes of this subsection, the term "stock" does not include any stock which—
(A) is not entitled to vote,
(B) is limited and preferred as to dividends and does not participate in corporate growth to any significant extent,
(C) has redemption and liquidation rights which do not exceed the issue price of such stock (except for a reasonable redemption or liquidation premium), and
(D) is not convertible into another class of stock.
(5) Regulations
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this subsection, including (but not limited to) regulations—
(A) which treat warrants, obligations convertible into stock, and other similar interests as stock, and stock as not stock,
(B) which treat options to acquire or sell stock as having been exercised,
(C) which provide that the requirements of paragraph (2)(B) shall be treated as met if the affiliated group, in reliance on a good faith determination of value, treated such requirements as met,
(D) which disregard an inadvertent ceasing to meet the requirements of paragraph (2)(B) by reason of changes in relative values of different classes of stock,
(E) which provide that transfers of stock within the group shall not be taken into account in determining whether a corporation ceases to be a member of an affiliated group, and
(F) which disregard changes in voting power to the extent such changes are disproportionate to related changes in value.
(b) Definition of "includible corporation"
As used in this chapter, the term "includible corporation" means any corporation except—
(1) Corporations exempt from taxation under section 501.
(2) Insurance companies subject to taxation under section 801.
(3) Foreign corporations.
(4) Regulated investment companies and real estate investment trusts subject to tax under subchapter M of chapter 1.
(5) A DISC (as defined in section 992(a)(1)).
(6) An S corporation.
(c) Includible insurance companies
Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (2) of subsection (b)—
(1) Two or more domestic insurance companies each of which is subject to tax under section 801 shall be treated as includible corporations for purposes of applying subsection (a) to such insurance companies alone.
(2)
(A) If an affiliated group (determined without regard to subsection (b)(2)) includes one or more domestic insurance companies taxed under section 801, the common parent of such group may elect (pursuant to regulations prescribed by the Secretary) to treat all such companies as includible corporations for purposes of applying subsection (a) except that no such company shall be so treated until it has been a member of the affiliated group for the 5 taxable years immediately preceding the taxable year for which the consolidated return is filed.
(B) If an election under this paragraph is in effect for a taxable year—
(i) section 243(b)(3) and the exception provided under section 243(b)(2) with respect to subsections (b)(2) and (c) of this section,
(ii) section 542(b)(5), and
(iii) subsection (a)(4) and (b)(2)(D) of section 1563, and the reference to section 1563(b)(2)(D) contained in section 1563(b)(3)(C),
shall not be effective for such taxable year.
(d) Subsidiary formed to comply with foreign law
In the case of a domestic corporation owning or controlling, directly or indirectly, 100 percent of the capital stock (exclusive of directors' qualifying shares) of a corporation organized under the laws of a contiguous foreign country and maintained solely for the purpose of complying with the laws of such country as to title and operation of property, such foreign corporation may, at the option of the domestic corporation, be treated for the purpose of this subtitle as a domestic corporation.
(e) Includible tax-exempt organizations
Despite the provisions of paragraph (1) of subsection (b), two or more organizations exempt from taxation under section 501, one or more of which is described in section 501(c)(2) and the others of which derive income from such 501(c)(2) organizations, shall be considered as includible corporations for the purpose of the application of subsection (a) to such organizations alone.
(f) Special rule for certain amounts derived from a corporation previously treated as a DISC
In determining the consolidated taxable income of an affiliated group for any taxable year beginning after December 31, 1984, a corporation which had been a DISC and which would otherwise be a member of such group shall not be treated as such a member with respect to—
(1) any distribution (or deemed distribution) of accumulated DISC income which was not treated as previously taxed income under section 805(b)(2)(A) of the Tax Reform Act of 1984, and
(2) any amount treated as received under section 805(b)(3) of such Act.
References in Text
Section 805(b)(2)(A) and (3) of the Tax Reform Act of 1984, referred to in subsec. (f)(1), (2), is section 805(b)(2)(A) and (3) of Pub. L. 98–369, which is set out as a note under section 991 of this title.
Amendments
2018—Subsec. (b)(4) to (8). Pub. L. 115–141 redesignated pars. (6) to (8) as (4) to (6), respectively, and struck out former par. (4) which read as follows: "Corporations with respect to which an election under section 936 (relating to possession tax credit) is in effect for the taxable year."
2014—Subsec. (a)(3)(A). Pub. L. 113–295 struck out "for a taxable year which includes any period after December 31, 1984" after "affiliated group" in cl. (i) and struck out "in a taxable year beginning after December 31, 1984" after "such group" in cl. (ii).
1996—Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 104–188, §1308(d)(2), added par. (8).
Subsec. (c)(2)(B)(i). Pub. L. 104–188, §1702(h)(6), inserted "section" before "243(b)(2)".
1990—Subsec. (c)(2)(B)(i). Pub. L. 101–508, §11814(b), substituted "section 243(b)(3)" for "section 243(b)(6)" and "243(b)(2)" for "section 243(b)(5)".
1988—Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 100–647, §1018(d)(10)(A), amended par. (7) generally, striking out ", or any other corporation which has accumulated DISC income which is derived after December 31, 1984" after "in section 992(a)(1))".
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100–647, §1018(d)(10)(B), added subsec. (f).
1986—Subsec. (a)(4)(C). Pub. L. 99–514, §1804(e)(1), amended subpar. (C) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (C) read as follows: "has redemption and liquidation rights which do not exceed the paid-in capital or par value represented by such stock (except for a reasonable redemption premium in excess of such paid-in capital or par value), and".
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 99–514, §1024(c)(15), struck out "or 821" after "section 802".
Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 99–514, §1804(e)(10), amended par. (7) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (7) read as follows: "A DISC or former DISC (as defined in section 992(a))."
Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 99–514, §1899A(35), struck out "or 821" after "section 801".
Pub. L. 99–514, §1024(c)(16), substituted "subsection (b)(2)) includes" for "subsection (b)(2) includes".
1984—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–369, §60(a), in amending subsec. (a), generally, revised existing provisions of subsec. (a) into pars. (1), (2), and (4), added pars. (3) and (5), revised definition of "affiliated group", and expanded the enumeration of securities not included under term "stock".
Subsecs. (b)(2), (c)(1), (2)(A). Pub. L. 98–369, §211(b)(20), substituted "section 801" for "section 802".
1980—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–222 substituted "a tax credit employee stock ownership plan" for "an ESOP" and "employee" for "leveraged employee".
1978—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–600 substituted "(within the meaning for section 409A(l)) while such securities are held under an ESOP, or qualifying employer securities (within the meaning of section 4975(e)(8)) while such securities are held under a leveraged employee stock ownership plan which meets the requirements of section 4975(e)(7)" for "within the meaning of section 301(d)(9)(A) of the Tax Reduction Act of 1975, or qualifying employer securities within the meaning of section 4975(e)(8) while such securities are held under an employee stock ownership plan which meets the requirements of section 301(d) of such Act or section 4975(e)(7), respectively".
1976—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–455, §803(b)(3), substituted "dividends, employer securities within the meaning of section 301(d)(9)(A) of the Tax Reduction Act of 1976, or qualifying employer securities within the meaning of section 4975(e)(8) while such securities are held under an employee stock ownership plan which meets the requirements of section 301(d) of such Act or section 4975(e)(7), respectively" for "dividends" after "preferred as to".
Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 94–455, §1051(g), substituted "Corporations with respect to which an election under section 936 (relating to possession tax credit) is in effect for the taxable year" for "Corporations entitled to the benefits of section 931, by reason of receiving a large percentage of their income from sources within possessions of the United States" in par. (4).
Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 94–455, §1053(d)(2), struck out par. (5) which included corporations organized under the China Trade Act, 1922, within term "includible corporation".
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 94–455, §1507(a), designated existing provisions as provision preceding par. (1) and par. (1), in provision preceding par. (1) as so designated, substituted "Notwithstanding the provisions" for "Despite the provisions", in par. (1) as so designated, substituted "tax under section 802 shall be treated" for "taxation under the same section of this subtitle shall be considered" and added par. (2).
1971—Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 92–178 added par. (7).
1969—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 91–172 added subsec. (e).
1966—Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 89–389 struck out par. (7) exception to definition of "includible corporation" of unincorporated business enterprises subject to tax as corporations under section 1361 of this title.
1960—Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 86–779 inserted "and real estate investment trusts" after "Regulated investment companies".
1959—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 86–69 struck out reference to section 811.
Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 86–376 struck out par. (8) which excepted an electing small business corporation from term "includible corporation".
1958—Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 85–866 added par. (8).
1956—Subsec. (b)(2), Act Mar. 13, 1956, inserted reference to section 811.
Effective Date of 2014 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 113–295 effective Dec. 19, 2014, subject to a savings provision, see section 221(b) of Pub. L. 113–295, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.
Effective Date of 1996 Amendment
Amendment by section 1308(d)(2) of Pub. L. 104–188 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1996, see section 1317(a) of Pub. L. 104–188, set out as a note under section 641 of this title.
Amendment by section 1702(h)(6) of Pub. L. 104–188 effective, except as otherwise expressly provided, as if included in the provision of the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1990, Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, to which such amendment relates, see section 1702(i) of Pub. L. 104–188, set out as a note under section 38 of this title.
Effective Date of 1990 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 101–508 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1990, and for purposes of section 243(b)(3) of this title, references to elections under such section to include references to an election under section 243(b) of this title as in effect on Nov. 4, 1990, see section 11814(c) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 243 of this title.
Effective Date of 1988 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 100–647 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, to which such amendment relates, see section 1019(a) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.
Effective Date of 1986 Amendment
Amendment by section 1024(c)(15), (16) of Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, see section 1024(e) of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 831 of this title.
Amendment by section 1804(e)(1), (10) of Pub. L. 99–514 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provisions of the Tax Reform Act of 1984, Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, to which such amendment relates, see section 1881 of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 48 of this title.
Effective Date of 1984 Amendment
Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title I, §60(b), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 579, as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, §2, title XVIII, §1804(e)(2)–(5), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, 2800, provided that:
"(1)
"(2)
"(3)
"(A) the requirements of paragraph (2) are satisfied with respect to a corporation,
"(B) more than a de minimis amount of the stock of such corporation—
"(i) is sold or exchanged (including in a redemption), or
"(ii) is issued,
after June 22, 1984 (other than in the ordinary course of business), and
"(C) the requirements of the amendment made by subsection (a) are not satisfied after such sale, exchange, or issuance,
then the amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply for purposes of determining whether such corporation continues to be a member of the group. The preceding sentence shall not apply to any transaction if such transaction does not reduce the percentage of the fair market value of the stock of the corporation referred to in the preceding sentence held by members of the group determined without regard to this paragraph.
"(4)
"(5)
"(A) In the case of a Native Corporation established under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), or a corporation all of whose stock is owned directly by such a corporation, during any taxable year (beginning after the effective date of these amendments and before 1992), or any part thereof, in which the Native Corporation is subject to the provisions of section 7(h)(1) of such Act (43 U.S.C. 1606(h)(1))—
"(i) the amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall not apply, and
"(ii) the requirements for affiliation under section 1504(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 before the amendment made by subsection (a) shall be applied solely according to the provisions expressly contained therein, without regard to escrow arrangements, redemption rights, or similar provisions.
"(B) Except as provided in subparagraph (C), during the period described in subparagraph (A), no provision of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (including sections 269 and 482) or principle of law shall apply to deny the benefit or use of losses incurred or credits earned by a corporation described in subparagraph (A) to the affiliated group of which the Native Corporation is the common parent.
"(C) Losses incurred or credits earned by a corporation described in subparagraph (A) shall be subject to the general consolidated return regulations, including the provisions relating to separate return limitation years, and to sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
"(D) Losses incurred and credits earned by a corporation which is affiliated with a corporation described in subparagraph (A) shall be treated as having been incurred or earned in a separate return limitation year, unless the corporation incurring the losses or earning the credits satisfies the affiliation requirements of section 1504(a) without application of subparagraph (A).
"(6)
"(A) has as its common parent a Minnesota corporation incorporated on April 23, 1940, and
"(B) has a member which is a New York corporation incorporated on November 13, 1969,
for purposes of determining whether such New York corporation continues to be a member of such group, paragraph (2) shall be applied by substituting for 'January 1, 1988,' the earlier of January 1, 1994, or the date on which the voting power of the preferred stock in such New York corporation terminates.
"(7)
"(8)
"(A) a corporation (hereinafter in this paragraph referred to as the 'parent') was incorporated in 1968 and filed consolidated returns as the parent of an affiliated group for each of its taxable years ending after 1969 and before 1985,
"(B) another corporation (hereinafter in this paragraph referred to as the 'subsidiary') became a member of the parent's affiliated group in 1978 by reason of a recapitalization pursuant to which the parent increased its voting interest in the subsidiary from not less than 56 percent to not less than 85 percent, and
"(C) such subsidiary is engaged (or was on September 27, 1985, engaged) in manufacturing and distributing a broad line of business systems and related supplies for binding, laminating, shredding, graphics, and providing secure identification,
then, for purposes of determining whether such subsidiary corporation is a member of the parent's affiliated group under section 1504(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 [now 1986] (as amended by subsection (a)), paragraph (2)(B) of such section 1504(a) shall be applied by substituting '55 percent' for '80 percent'.
"(9)
"(A) included as a common parent on December 31, 1971, a Delaware corporation incorporated on August 26, 1969, and
"(B) included as a member thereof a Delaware corporation incorporated on November 8, 1971,
for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1970, and ending before January 1, 1988, the requirements for affiliation for each member of such group under section 1504(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 [now 1986] (before the amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section]) shall be limited solely to the provisions expressly contained therein and by reference to stock issued under State law as common or preferred stock. During the period described in the preceding sentence, no provision of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (including sections 269 and 482) or principle of law, except the general consolidated return regulations (including the provisions relating to separate return limitation years) and sections 382 and 383 of such Code, shall apply to deny the benefit or use of losses incurred or credits earned by members of such group."
Amendment by section 211(b)(20) of Pub. L. 98–369 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1983, see section 215 of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as an Effective Date note under section 801 of this title.
Effective Date of 1980 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 96–222 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if it had been included in the provisions of the Revenue Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–600, to which such amendment relates, see section 201 of Pub. L. 96–222, set out as a note under section 32 of this title.
Effective Date of 1978 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 95–600 effective with respect to qualified investment for taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1978, see section 141(g)(1) of Pub. L. 95–600, set out as a Effective Date note under section 409 of this title.
Effective Date of 1976 Amendment
Amendment by section 803(b)(3) of Pub. L. 94–455 applicable for taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1974, see section 803(j) of Pub. L. 94–455, set out as a note under section 46 of this title.
Amendment by section 1051(g) of Pub. L. 94–455 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1975, see section 1051(i) of Pub. L. 94–455, set out as a note under section 27 of this title.
Pub. L. 94–455, title X, §1053(e), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1649, provided that: "The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) [amending section 941 and 943 of this title] shall apply with respect to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1975. The amendments made by subsections (c) and (d) [amending this section and sections 116, 6072, and 6091 of this title and repealing sections 941–943 of this title] shall apply with respect to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1977."
Pub. L. 94–455, title XV, §1507(c)(1), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1740, provided that: "The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) [amending this section and sections 821, 843, and 1503 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1980."
Effective Date of 1971 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 92–178 applicable with respect to taxable years ending after Dec. 31, 1971, except that a corporation may not be a DISC for any taxable year beginning before Jan. 1, 1972, see section 507 of Pub. L. 92–178, set out as an Effective Date note under section 991 of this title.
Effective Date of 1969 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 91–172 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1969, see section 121(g) of Pub. L. 91–172, set out as a note under section 511 of this title.
Effective Date of 1966 Amendment
Pub. L. 89–389, §4(b), Apr. 14, 1966, 80 Stat. 116, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective on Jan. 1, 1969.
Effective Date of 1960 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 86–779 applicable with respect to taxable years of real estate investment trusts beginning after Dec. 31, 1960, see section 10(k) of Pub. L. 86–779, set out as an Effective Date note under section 856 of this title.
Effective Date of 1959 Amendments
Pub. L. 86–376, §2(d), Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 699, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending section 1371 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1959. The amendments made by subsections (b) and (c) [amending this section and section 1374 of this title] shall take effect on the day after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 23, 1959]."
Amendment by Pub. L. 86–69 applicable only with respect to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1957, see section 4 of Pub. L. 86–69, set out as an Effective Date note under section 381 of this title.
Effective Date of 1958 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 85–866 applicable only with respect to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1958, see section 64(e) of Pub. L. 85–866, set out as a note under section 172 of this title.
Effective Date of 1956 Amendment
Amendment by act Mar. 13, 1956, applicable only to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1954, see section 6 of act Mar. 13, 1956, set out as a note set out under section 316 of this title.
Savings Provision
For provisions that nothing in amendment by Pub. L. 115–141 be construed to affect treatment of certain transactions occurring, property acquired, or items of income, loss, deduction, or credit taken into account prior to Mar. 23, 2018, for purposes of determining liability for tax for periods ending after Mar. 23, 2018, see section 401(e) of Pub. L. 115–141, set out as a note under section 23 of this title.
For provisions that nothing in amendment by Pub. L. 101–508 be construed to affect treatment of certain transactions occurring, property acquired, or items of income, loss, deduction, or credit taken into account prior to Nov. 5, 1990, for purposes of determining liability for tax for periods ending after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 11821(b) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 45K of this title.
Repeal of Rules Permitting Loss Transfers by Alaska Native Corporations
Pub. L. 100–647, title V, §5021, Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3666, as amended by Pub. L. 101–239, title VII, §7815(b), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2414, provided that:
"(a)
"(1) shall allow any loss (or credit) of any corporation which arises after April 26, 1988, to be used to offset the income (or tax) of another corporation if such use would not be allowable without regard to such section 60(b)(5) as so amended, or
"(2) shall allow any loss (or credit) of any corporation which arises on or before such date to be used to offset disqualified income (or tax attributable to such income) of another corporation if such use would not be allowable without regard to such section 60(b)(5) as so amended.
"(b)
"(1)
"(A) such corporation was in existence on April 26, 1988, and
"(B) such loss (or credit) is used to offset income assigned (or attributable to property contributed) pursuant to a binding contract entered into before July 26, 1988.
"(2) $40,000,000
"(3)
"(A) paragraph (1)(B) shall be applied by substituting the date 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 10, 1988] for 'July 26, 1988',
"(B) paragraph (1) shall not apply to any loss or credit which arises on or after the date 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and
"(C) paragraph (2) shall be applied by substituting '$99,000,000' for '$40,000,000'.
"(c)
"(1)
"(A) of the tax liability of a taxpayer which has contracted with the Native Corporation (or other corporation all of the stock of which is owned directly by the Native Corporation) for the use of losses of such Native Corporation (or such other corporation), and
"(B) which is attributable to an asserted overstatement of losses by, or misassignment of income (or income attributable to property contributed) to, an affiliated group of which the Native Corporation (or such other corporation) is a member.
Such notice shall only include information with respect to the transaction between the taxpayer and the Native Corporation.
"(2)
"(A)
"(i) submit to the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate a written statement regarding the proposed adjustment, and
"(ii) meet with the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate with respect to such proposed adjustment.
The Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate may discuss such proposed adjustment with the Native Corporation or its designated representative.
"(B)
"(3)
"(4)
"(d)
"(e)
Plan Amendments Not Required Until January 1, 1989
For provisions directing that if any amendments made by subtitle A or subtitle C of title XI [§§1101–1147 and 1171–1177] or title XVIII [§§1800–1899A] of Pub. L. 99–514 require an amendment to any plan, such plan amendment shall not be required to be made before the first plan year beginning on or after Jan. 1, 1989, see section 1140 of Pub. L. 99–514, as amended, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.
Transaction Rules
Pub. L. 94–455, title XV, §1507(c)(2), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1740, as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that:
"(A)
"(B)