(a) Proclamation; duration of program
Whenever prior to April 15 in any calendar year the Secretary determines that the total supply of wheat in the marketing year beginning in the next succeeding calendar year will, in the absence of a marketing quota program, likely be excessive, the Secretary shall proclaim that a national marketing quota for wheat shall be in effect for such marketing year and for either the following marketing year or the following two marketing years, if the Secretary determines and declares in such proclamation that a two- or three-year marketing quota program is necessary to effectuate the policy of the chapter.
(b) Amount; minimum
If a national marketing quota for wheat has been proclaimed for any marketing year, the Secretary shall determine and proclaim the amount of the national marketing quota for such marketing year not earlier than January 1 or later than April 15 of the calendar year preceding the year in which such marketing year begins. The amount of the national marketing quota for wheat for any marketing year shall be an amount of wheat which the Secretary estimates (i) will be utilized during such marketing year for human consumption in the United States as food, food products, and beverages, composed wholly or partly of wheat, (ii) will be utilized during such marketing year in the United States for seed, (iii) will be exported either in the form of wheat or products thereof, and (iv) will be utilized during such marketing year in the United States as livestock (including poultry) feed, excluding the estimated quantity of wheat which will be utilized for such purpose as a result of the substitution of wheat for feed grains under section 1339c of this title; less (A) an amount of wheat equal to the estimated imports of wheat into the United States during such marketing year and, (B) if the stocks of wheat owned by the Commodity Credit Corporation are determined by the Secretary to be excessive, an amount of wheat determined by the Secretary to be a desirable reduction in such marketing year in such stocks to achieve the policy of the chapter: Provided, That if the Secretary determines that the total stocks of wheat in the Nation are insufficient to assure an adequate carryover for the next succeeding marketing year, the national marketing quota otherwise determined shall be increased by the amount the Secretary determines to be necessary to assure an adequate carryover: And provided further, That the national marketing quota for wheat for any marketing year shall be not less than one billion bushels.
(c) National emergencies or material increase in demand; investigation; increase or termination
If, after the proclamation of a national marketing quota for wheat for any marketing year, the Secretary has reason to believe that, because of a national emergency or because of a material increase in the demand for wheat, the national marketing quota should be terminated or the amount thereof increased, he shall cause an immediate investigation to be made to determine whether such action is necessary in order to meet such emergency or increase in the demand for wheat. If, on the basis of such investigation, the Secretary finds that such action is necessary, he shall immediately proclaim such finding and the amount of any such increase found by him to be necessary and thereupon such national marketing quota shall be so increased or terminated. In case any national marketing quota is increased under this subsection, the Secretary shall provide for such increase by increasing acreage allotments established under this subpart by a uniform percentage.
(d) Farm marketing quotas for wheat crops planted in calendar years 1966–1970
Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, the Secretary shall proclaim a national marketing quota for the crops of wheat planted for harvest in the calendar years 1966 through 1970, and farm marketing quotas shall not be in effect for such crops of wheat.
Amendments
1985—Pub. L. 99–198 temporarily substituted "Proclamation of marketing quotas" for "National marketing quota" in section catchline. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendment note below.
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–198 amended subsec. (a) generally, temporarily substituting provisions defining the terms "base period" and "marketing quota period" for provisions which authorized the Secretary to proclaim a national marketing quota for wheat for either a two- or three-year period. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendment note below.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–198 amended subsec. (b) generally, temporarily substituting provisions authorizing the proclamation of a national marketing quota for each marketing year, not later than June 15, 1986, in an amount which the Secretary determines is required to meet anticipated needs during such marketing year, and the conducting of a marketing quota referendum not later than Aug. 1, 1986 for provisions which had authorized the proclamation of a national marketing quota upon a determination made between Jan. 1 and Apr. 15 of the calendar year preceding the year in which the marketing year began, which determination had to provide a minimum of one billion bushels for any marketing year, and investigation of stocks to adjust for imports and excessive or insufficient amounts generally. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendment note below.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–198 amended subsec. (c) generally, temporarily substituting provisions requiring the Secretary to adjust or terminate the national marketing quota in the event of a national emergency or material change in the demand for wheat for provisions which had required the Secretary to cause an immediate investigation to be made to determine whether termination or increase in the quota was necessary in order to meet such emergency or increase in demand, and struck out provisions requiring the Secretary to proclaim such findings and the amount of any increase, with any such increase to be based on a uniform percentage. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendment note below.
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–198 amended section generally, temporarily striking out subsec. (d) which provided for farm marketing quotas for wheat crops planted in calendar years 1969–1970. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendment note below.
1968—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 90–559 provided for a one year extension through 1970.
1965—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89–321 changed item (iv) from the average amount of wheat which was used for livestock feed during 1959–60 to the amount which will be utilized during the marketing year for which the quota is being determined for livestock feed, excluding the estimated quantity of wheat which will be utilized for such purpose as a result of the substitution of wheat for feed grains under section 1339c of this title.
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 89–321 added subsec. (d).
1962—Pub. L. 87–703 substituted provisions for proclamation of a national marketing quota upon a determination made prior to April 15 in any calendar year, the duration of such a program, the amount of, including the minimum, quota, and investigation of stocks to increase or terminate the quota during national emergencies or material increase in demand for provision for proclamation, not later than May 15 of each calendar year, of a national marketing quota for the crop produced in the next calendar year.
1954—Act Aug. 28, 1954, struck out proclamations relating to supplies, and changed proclamation date from July 15 to May 15.
Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendment
Pub. L. 99–198, title III, §302, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1378, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective only for the 1987 through 1990 crops of wheat.
Effective Date of 1965 Amendment
Pub. L. 89–321, title V, §501, Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1199, provided that the amendments made by section 501 (amending this section and sections 1333, 1334, 1335, and 1339 of this title) are effective beginning with the crop planted for harvest in the calendar year 1966.
Effective Date of 1962 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 87–703 effective only with respect to programs applicable to crops planted for harvest in calendar year 1964 or any subsequent year and marketing years beginning in calendar year 1964, or any subsequent year, see section 323 of Pub. L. 87–703, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
Inapplicability of Section
Section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of covered commodities, cotton, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Feb. 7, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018, see section 9092(a)(1) of this title.
Section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning June 18, 2008, through Dec. 31, 2012, see section 8782(a)(1) of this title.
Section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning May 13, 2002, through Dec. 31, 2007, see section 7992(a)(1) of this title.
Section inapplicable to 1996 through 2001 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Apr. 4, 1996, and ending Dec. 31, 2002, see section 7301(a)(1)(A) of this title.
Section inapplicable to 1991 through 1995 crops of wheat, see section 303 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as a note under section 1331 of this title.
Pub. L. 101–270, Apr. 10, 1990, 104 Stat. 134, provided: "That section 332 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1332) shall not be applicable to the 1991 crop of wheat."
Pub. L. 99–198, title III, §310(a), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1395, provided that: "Sections 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, and 338 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1332–1336 and 1338) shall not be applicable to the 1986 crop of wheat."
Section inapplicable to 1982 through 1985 crops of wheat, see section 303 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as a note under section 1331 of this title.
Section inapplicable to 1978 through 1981 crops of wheat, see section 404 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as a note under section 1331 of this title.
Pub. L. 91–524, title IV, §404(1), Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1366, as amended by Pub. L. 93–86, §1(11), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 229, provided that this section is not applicable to 1971 through 1977 crops of wheat.
1965 Crop National Marketing Quota and Crop Acreage Allotment
Pub. L. 88–297, title II, §201, Apr. 11, 1964, 78 Stat. 178, directed Secretary to not proclaim a national marketing quota for 1965 crop of wheat and that farm marketing quotas shall not be in effect for such crop of wheat, and required Secretary to proclaim a national acreage allotment for 1965 crop of wheat which shall be the number of acres which he determined would make available an adequate supply of wheat, but not less than forty-nine million five hundred thousand acres.
Deferral of Proclamation for 1963 Crop
Pub. L. 87–485, June 15, 1962, 76 Stat. 103, authorized Secretary of Agriculture to defer until July 15, 1962, any proclamation under this section with respect to a national acreage allotment for 1963 crop of wheat and any proclamation under section 1335 of this title with respect to marketing quotas for such crop of wheat.
Pub. L. 87–450, May 15, 1962, 76 Stat. 69, authorized Secretary of Agriculture to defer until June 15, 1962, any proclamation under this section with respect to a national acreage allotment for 1963 crop of wheat and any proclamation under section 1335 of this title for such crop of wheat.
Deferral of Proclamation for 1960 Crop
Pub. L. 86–27, May 15, 1959, 73 Stat. 25, authorized Secretary of Agriculture to defer until June 1, 1959, any proclamation under this section with respect to a national acreage allotment for 1960 crop of wheat and any proclamation under section 1335 of this title with respect to marketing quotas for such crop of wheat.
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