46 U.S.C. § 8503

1. (a)The Secretary may require a pilot licensed under section 7101 of this title on a self-propelled vessel when a pilot is not required by State law and the vessel is—
   1. (1)engaged in foreign commerce; and
   2. (2)operating—
      1. (A)in internal waters of the United States; or
      2. (B)within 3 nautical miles from the baselines from which the territorial sea of the United States is measured.
2. (b)A requirement prescribed under subsection (a) of this section is terminated when the State having jurisdiction over the area involved—
   1. (1)establishes a requirement for a State licensed pilot; and
   2. (2)notifies the Secretary of that fact.
3. (c)For the Saint Lawrence Seaway, the Secretary may not delegate the authority under this section to an agency except the Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation.
4. (d)A person violating this section or a regulation prescribed under this section is liable to the United States Government for a civil penalty of not more than $25,000. Each day of a continuing violation is a separate violation. The vessel also is liable in rem for the penalty.
5. (e)A person that knowingly violates this section or a regulation prescribed under this section commits a class D felony.