Part 86 — Control of Emissions from New and In-Use Highway Vehicles and Engines

• § 86.1— Incorporation by reference.

Subpart A — General Provisions for Heavy-Duty Engines and Heavy-Duty Vehicles

• § 86.000-2— Definitions.
• § 86.000-3— Abbreviations.
• § 86.000-7— Maintenance of records; submittal of information; right of entry.
• § 86.000-24— Test vehicles and engines.
• § 86.001-2— Definitions.
• § 86.001-21— Application for certification.
• § 86.001-23— Required data.
• § 86.001-24— Test vehicles and engines.
• § 86.004-2— Definitions.
• § 86.004-11— Emission standards for 2004 and later model year diesel heavy-duty engines and vehicles.
• § 86.004-15— NO_X plus NMHC and particulate averaging, trading, and banking for heavy-duty engines.
• § 86.004-16— Prohibition of defeat devices.
• § 86.004-21— Application for certification.
• § 86.004-25— Maintenance.
• § 86.004-26— Mileage and service accumulation; emission measurements.
• § 86.004-28— Compliance with emission standards.
• § 86.004-38— Maintenance instructions.
• § 86.004-40— Heavy-duty engine rebuilding practices.
• § 86.005-1— General applicability.
• § 86.005-10— Emission standards for 2005 and later model year Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines and vehicles.
• § 86.007-11— Emission standards and supplemental requirements for 2007 and later model year diesel heavy-duty engines and vehicles.
• § 86.007-15— NO_X and particulate averaging, trading, and banking for heavy-duty engines.
• § 86.007-17— Onboard diagnostics for engines used in applications less than or equal to 14,000 pounds GVWR.
• § 86.007-21— Application for certification.
• § 86.007-23— Required data.
• § 86.007-30— Certification.
• § 86.008-10— Emission standards for 2008 and later model year Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines and vehicles.
• § 86.010-2— Definitions.
• § 86.010-18— On-board Diagnostics for engines used in applications greater than 14,000 pounds GVWR.
• § 86.010-38— Maintenance instructions.
• § 86.012-2— Definitions.
• § 86.016-1— General applicability.
• § 86.078-3— Abbreviations.
• § 86.078-6— Hearings on certification.
• § 86.079-31— Separate certification.
• § 86.079-32— Addition of a vehicle or engine after certification.
• § 86.079-33— Changes to a vehicle or engine covered by certification.
• § 86.079-39— Submission of maintenance instructions.
• § 86.080-12— Alternative certification procedures.
• § 86.082-2— Definitions.
• § 86.082-34— Alternative procedure for notification of additions and changes.
• § 86.084-2— Definitions.
• § 86.084-4— Section numbering; construction.
• § 86.085-2— Definitions.
• § 86.085-20— Incomplete vehicles, classification.
• § 86.085-37— Production vehicles and engines.
• § 86.088-2— Definitions.
• § 86.090-2— Definitions.
• § 86.090-3— Abbreviations.
• § 86.090-5— General standards; increase in emissions; unsafe conditions.
• § 86.090-27— Special test procedures.
• § 86.091-2— Definitions.
• § 86.091-7— Maintenance of records; submittal of information; right of entry.
• § 86.091-29— Testing by the Administrator.
• § 86.092-2— Definitions.
• § 86.093-2— Definitions.
• § 86.094-2— Definitions.
• § 86.094-3— Abbreviations.
• § 86.094-7— Maintenance of records; submittal of information; right of entry.
• § 86.094-14— Small-volume manufacturer certification procedures.
• § 86.094-21— Application for certification.
• § 86.094-22— Approval of application for certification; test fleet selections; determinations of parameters subject to adjustment for certification and Selective Enforcement Audit, adequacy of limits, and physically adjustable ranges.
• § 86.094-25— Maintenance.
• § 86.095-35— Labeling.
• § 86.096-2— Definitions.
• § 86.096-3— Abbreviations.
• § 86.096-24— Test vehicles and engines.
• § 86.098-2— Definitions.
• § 86.098-3— Abbreviations.
• § 86.098-10— Emission standards for 1998 and later model year Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines and vehicles.
• § 86.098-23— Required data.
• § 86.099-10— Emission standards for 1999 and later model year Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines and vehicles.
• § 86.099-11— Emission standards for 1999 and later model year diesel heavy-duty engines and vehicles.

Subpart B — Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles and New Light-Duty Trucks and New Otto-Cycle Complete Heavy-Duty Vehicles; Test Procedures

• § 86.101— General applicability.
• § 86.102— Definitions.
• § 86.103— Abbreviations.
• § 86.104— Section numbering; construction.
• § 86.105— Introduction; structure of subpart.
• § 86.106-96— Equipment required; overview.
• § 86.107-96— Sampling and analytical systems; evaporative emissions.
• § 86.107-98— Sampling and analytical system.
• § 86.108-00— Dynamometer.
• § 86.109-94— Exhaust gas sampling system; Otto-cycle vehicles not requiring particulate emission measurements.
• § 86.110-94— Exhaust gas sampling system; diesel-cycle vehicles, and Otto-cycle vehicles requiring particulate emissions measurements.
• § 86.111-94— Exhaust gas analytical system.
• § 86.112-91— Weighing chamber (or room) and microgram balance specifications.
• § 86.113-04— Fuel specifications.
• § 86.113-15— Fuel specifications.
• § 86.113-27— Fuel specifications.
• § 86.113-94— Fuel specifications.
• § 86.114-94— Analytical gases.
• § 86.115-78— EPA dynamometer driving schedules.
• § 86.116-94— Calibrations, frequency and overview.
• § 86.117-96— Evaporative emission enclosure calibrations.
• § 86.118-00— Dynamometer calibrations.
• § 86.119-90— CVS calibration.
• § 86.120-94— Gas meter or flow instrumentation calibration; particulate, methanol and formaldehyde measurement.
• § 86.121-90— Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration.
• § 86.122-78— Carbon monoxide analyzer calibration.
• § 86.123-78— Oxides of nitrogen analyzer calibration.
• § 86.124-78— Carbon dioxide analyzer calibration.
• § 86.125-94— Methane analyzer calibration.
• § 86.126-90— Calibration of other equipment.
• § 86.127-00— Test procedures; overview.
• § 86.127-12— Test procedures; overview.
• § 86.128-79— Transmissions.
• § 86.129-00— Road load power, test weight, and inertia weight class determination.
• § 86.129-80— Road load power, test weight, and inertia weight class determination.
• § 86.129-94— Road load power, test weight, inertia weight class determination, and fuel temperature profile.
• § 86.130-96— Test sequence; general requirements.
• § 86.131-96— Vehicle preparation.
• § 86.132-00— Vehicle preconditioning.
• § 86.132-96— Vehicle preconditioning.
• § 86.133-96— Diurnal emission test.
• § 86.134-96— Running loss test.
• § 86.135-12— Dynamometer procedure.
• § 86.135-90— Dynamometer procedure.
• § 86.136-90— Engine starting and restarting.
• § 86.137-94— Dynamometer test run, gaseous and particulate emissions.
• § 86.138-96— Hot soak test.
• § 86.139-90— Particulate filter handling and weighing.
• § 86.140-94— Exhaust sample analysis.
• § 86.142-90— Records required.
• § 86.143-96— Calculations; evaporative emissions.
• § 86.144-94— Calculations; exhaust emissions.
• § 86.145-82— Calculations; particulate emissions.
• § 86.146-96— Fuel dispensing spitback procedure.
• § 86.150-98— Refueling test procedure; overview.
• § 86.151-98— General requirements; refueling test.
• § 86.152-98— Vehicle preparation; refueling test.
• § 86.153-98— Vehicle and canister preconditioning; refueling test.
• § 86.154-98— Measurement procedure; refueling test.
• § 86.155-98— Records required; refueling test.
• § 86.156-98— Calculations; refueling test.
• § 86.157-98— Refueling test procedures for liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles.
• § 86.158-00— Supplemental Federal Test Procedures; overview.
• § 86.158-08— Supplemental Federal Test Procedures; overview.
• § 86.159-00— Exhaust emission test procedures for US06 emissions.
• § 86.159-08— Exhaust emission test procedures for US06 emissions.
• § 86.160-00— Exhaust emission test procedure for SC03 emissions.
• § 86.161-00— Air conditioning environmental test facility ambient requirements.
• § 86.162-03— Approval of alternative air conditioning test simulations.
• § 86.163-00— Spot check correlation procedures for vehicles tested using a simulation of the environmental test cell for air conditioning emission testing.
• § 86.164-00— Supplemental Federal Test Procedure calculations.
• § 86.164-08— Supplemental Federal Test Procedure calculations.

Subpart C — Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures

• § 86.201— General applicability.
• § 86.213— Fuel specifications.

Subpart E — Emission Regulations for 1978 and Later New Motorcycles, General Provisions

• § 86.401-2006— General applicability.
• § 86.402-78— Definitions.
• § 86.402-98— Definitions.
• § 86.403-78— Abbreviations.
• § 86.404-78— Section numbering.
• § 86.405-78— Measurement system.
• § 86.406-78— Introduction, structure of subpart, further information.
• § 86.407-78— Certificate of conformity required.
• § 86.408-78— General standards; increase in emissions; unsafe conditions.
• § 86.409-78— Defeat devices, prohibition.
• § 86.410-90— Emission standards for 1990 and later model year motorcycles.
• § 86.410-2006— Emission standards for 2006 and later model year motorcycles.
• § 86.411-78— Maintenance instructions, vehicle purchaser.
• § 86.412-78— Maintenance instructions, submission to Administrator.
• § 86.413-2006— Labeling.
• § 86.414-78— Submission of vehicle identification number.
• § 86.415-78— Production vehicles.
• § 86.416-80— Application for certification.
• § 86.417-78— Approval of application for certification.
• § 86.418-78— Test fleet selection.
• § 86.419-2006— Engine displacement, motorcycle classes.
• § 86.420-78— Engine families.
• § 86.421-78— Test fleet.
• § 86.422-78— Administrator's fleet.
• § 86.423-78— Test vehicles.
• § 86.425-78— Test procedures.
• § 86.426-78— Service accumulation.
• § 86.427-78— Emission tests.
• § 86.428-80— Maintenance, scheduled; test vehicles.
• § 86.429-78— Maintenance, unscheduled; test vehicles.
• § 86.430-78— Vehicle failure.
• § 86.431-78— Data submission.
• § 86.432-78— Deterioration factor.
• § 86.434-78— Testing by the Administrator.
• § 86.435-78— Extrapolated emission values.
• § 86.436-78— Additional service accumulation.
• § 86.437-78— Certification.
• § 86.438-78— Amendments to the application.
• § 86.439-78— Alternative procedure for notification of additions and changes.
• § 86.440-78— Maintenance of records.
• § 86.441-78— Right of entry.
• § 86.442-78— Denial, revocation, or suspension of certification.
• § 86.443-78— Request for hearing.
• § 86.444-78— Hearings on certification.
• § 86.445-2006— What temporary provisions address hardship due to unusual circumstances?
• § 86.446-2006— What are the provisions for extending compliance deadlines for small-volume manufacturers under hardship?
• § 86.447-2006— What provisions apply to motorcycle engines below 50 cc that are certified under the Small SI program or the Recreational-vehicle program?
• § 86.448-2006— What provisions apply to vehicles certified under the Recreational-vehicle program?
• § 86.449— Averaging provisions.
• § 86.450— Treatment of confidential information.

Subpart F — Emission Regulations for 1978 and Later New Motorcycles; Test Procedures

• § 86.501-78— Applicability.
• § 86.502-78— Definitions.
• § 86.503-78— Abbreviations.
• § 86.504-78— Section numbering.
• § 86.505-2004— Introduction; structure of subpart.
• § 86.508-78— Dynamometer.
• § 86.509-90— Exhaust gas sampling system.
• § 86.511-90— Exhaust gas analytical system.
• § 86.513— Fuel and engine lubricant specifications.
• § 86.514-78— Analytical gases.
• § 86.515-78— EPA urban dynamometer driving schedule.
• § 86.516-90— Calibrations, frequency and overview.
• § 86.518-78— Dynamometer calibration.
• § 86.519-90— Constant volume sampler calibration.
• § 86.521-90— Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration.
• § 86.522-78— Carbon monoxide analyzer calibration.
• § 86.523-78— Oxides of nitrogen analyzer calibration.
• § 86.524-78— Carbon dioxide analyzer calibration.
• § 86.526-90— Calibration of other equipment.
• § 86.527-90— Test procedures, overview.
• § 86.528-78— Transmissions.
• § 86.529-98— Road load force and inertia weight determination.
• § 86.530-78— Test sequence, general requirements.
• § 86.531-78— Vehicle preparation.
• § 86.532-78— Vehicle preconditioning.
• § 86.535-90— Dynamometer procedure.
• § 86.536-78— Engine starting and restarting.
• § 86.537-90— Dynamometer test runs.
• § 86.540-90— Exhaust sample analysis.
• § 86.542-90— Records required.
• § 86.544-90— Calculations; exhaust emissions.

Subpart G — Selective Enforcement Auditing of New Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks, and Heavy-Duty Vehicles

• § 86.601-84— Applicability.
• § 86.602-84— Definitions.
• § 86.602-98— Definitions.
• § 86.603-88— Test orders.
• § 86.603-98— Test orders.
• § 86.604-84— Testing by the Administrator.
• § 86.605-88— Maintenance of records; submittal of information.
• § 86.605-98— Maintenance of records; submittal of information.
• § 86.606-84— Entry and access.
• § 86.607-84— Sample selection.
• § 86.608-98— Test procedures.
• § 86.609-98— Calculation and reporting of test results.
• § 86.610-98— Compliance with acceptable quality level and passing and failing criteria for Selective Enforcement Audits.
• § 86.612-97— Suspension and revocation of certificates of conformity.
• § 86.614-84— Hearings on suspension, revocation, and voiding of certificates of conformity.
• § 86.615-84— Treatment of confidential information.

Subpart J — Fees for the Motor Vehicle and Engine Compliance Program

• § 86.901— Assessment of fees.

Subpart K — Selective Enforcement Auditing of New Heavy-Duty Engines

• § 86.1001— Applicability.

Subpart L — Nonconformance Penalties for Gasoline-Fueled and Diesel Heavy-Duty Engines and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Including Light-Duty Trucks

• § 86.1101-87— Applicability.
• § 86.1102-87— Definitions.
• § 86.1103-2016— Criteria for availability of nonconformance penalties.
• § 86.1104-2016— Determination of upper limits.
• § 86.1105-87— Emission standards for which nonconformance penalties are available.
• § 86.1106-87— Production compliance auditing.
• § 86.1107-87— Testing by the Administrator.
• § 86.1108-87— Maintenance of records.
• § 86.1109-87— Entry and access.
• § 86.1110-87— Sample selection.
• § 86.1111-87— Test procedures for PCA testing.
• § 86.1112-87— Determining the compliance level and reporting of test results.
• § 86.1113-87— Calculation and payment of penalty.
• § 86.1114-87— Suspension and voiding of certificates of conformity.
• § 86.1115-87— Hearing procedures for nonconformance determinations and penalties.
• § 86.1116-87— Treatment of confidential information.
• § 86.1117— Labeling.

Subpart N — Exhaust Test Procedures for Heavy-duty Engines

• § 86.1301— Scope; applicability.
• § 86.1305— Introduction; structure of subpart.
• § 86.1333— Transient test cycle generation.
• § 86.1360— Supplemental emission test; test cycle and procedures.
• § 86.1362— Steady-state testing with a ramped-modal cycle.
• § 86.1370— Not-To-Exceed test procedures.
• § 86.1372— Measuring smoke emissions within the NTE zone.

Subpart S — General Compliance Provisions for Control of Air Pollution From New and In-Use Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks, and Heavy-Duty Vehicles

• § 86.1801-12— Applicability.
• § 86.1802-01— Section numbering; construction.
• § 86.1803-01— Definitions.
• § 86.1804-01— Acronyms and abbreviations.
• § 86.1805-04— Useful life.
• § 86.1805-12— Useful life.
• § 86.1805-17— Useful life.
• § 86.1806-17— Onboard diagnostics.
• § 86.1806-27— Onboard diagnostics.
• § 86.1807-01— Vehicle labeling.
• § 86.1808-01— Maintenance instructions.
• § 86.1809-12— Prohibition of defeat devices.
• § 86.1810-01— General standards; increase in emissions; unsafe conditions; waivers.
• § 86.1810-09— General standards; increase in emissions; unsafe condition; waivers.
• § 86.1810-17— General requirements.
• § 86.1811-04— Emission standards for light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles.
• § 86.1811-09— Emission standards for light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles.
• § 86.1811-10— Emission standards for light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles.
• § 86.1811-17— Exhaust emission standards for light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles.
• § 86.1811-27— Criteria exhaust emission standards.
• § 86.1813-17— Evaporative and refueling emission standards.
• § 86.1816-05— Emission standards for complete heavy-duty vehicles.
• § 86.1816-08— Emission standards for complete heavy-duty vehicles.
• § 86.1816-18— Emission standards for heavy-duty vehicles.
• § 86.1820-01— Durability group determination.
• § 86.1821-01— Evaporative/refueling family determination.
• § 86.1822-01— Durability data vehicle selection.
• § 86.1823-08— Durability demonstration procedures for exhaust emissions.
• § 86.1824-08— Durability demonstration procedures for evaporative emissions.
• § 86.1825-08— Durability demonstration procedures for refueling emissions.
• § 86.1826-01— Assigned deterioration factors for small-volume manufacturers and small-volume test groups.
• § 86.1827-01— Test group determination.
• § 86.1828-01— Emission data vehicle selection.
• § 86.1829-15— Durability and emission testing requirements; waivers.
• § 86.1830-01— Acceptance of vehicles for emission testing.
• § 86.1831-01— Mileage accumulation requirements for test vehicles.
• § 86.1832-01— Optional equipment and air conditioning for test vehicles.
• § 86.1833-01— Adjustable parameters.
• § 86.1834-01— Allowable maintenance.
• § 86.1835-01— Confirmatory certification testing.
• § 86.1836-01— Manufacturer-supplied production vehicles for testing.
• § 86.1837-01— Rounding of emission measurements.
• § 86.1838-01— Small-volume manufacturer certification procedures.
• § 86.1839-01— Carryover of certification data.
• § 86.1840-01— Special test procedures.
• § 86.1841-01— Compliance with emission standards for the purpose of certification.
• § 86.1842-01— Addition of a vehicle after certification; and changes to a vehicle covered by certification.
• § 86.1843-01— General information requirements.
• § 86.1844-01— Information requirements: Application for certification and submittal of information upon request.
• § 86.1845-04— Manufacturer in-use verification testing requirements.
• § 86.1846-01— Manufacturer in-use confirmatory testing requirements.
• § 86.1847-01— Manufacturer in-use verification and in-use confirmatory testing; submittal of information and maintenance of records.
• § 86.1848-10— Compliance with emission standards for the purpose of certification.
• § 86.1849-01— Right of entry.
• § 86.1850-01— Denial, suspension or revocation of certificate of conformity.
• § 86.1851-01— Application of good engineering judgment to manufacturers' decisions.
• § 86.1852-01— Waivers for good in-use emission performance.
• § 86.1853-01— Certification hearings.
• § 86.1854-12— Prohibited acts.
• § 86.1860-17— How to comply with the Tier 3 and Tier 4 fleet average standards.
• § 86.1861-17— How do the NMOG + NO_X and evaporative emission credit programs work?
• § 86.1862-04— Maintenance of records and submittal of information relevant to compliance with fleet average standards.
• § 86.1864-10— How to comply with cold temperature fleet average standards.
• § 86.1868-12— CO₂ credits for improving the efficiency of air conditioning systems.
• § 86.1869-12— CO₂ credits for off-cycle CO₂ reducing technologies.

Subpart T — Manufacturer-Run In-Use Testing Program for Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines

• § 86.1901— What testing requirements apply to my engines that have gone into service?
• § 86.1905— How does this program work?
• § 86.1908— How must I select and screen my in-use engines?
• § 86.1910— How must I prepare and test my in-use engines?
• § 86.1912— How do I determine whether an engine meets the vehicle-pass criteria?
• § 86.1915— What are the requirements for Phase 1 and Phase 2 testing?
• § 86.1917— How does in-use testing under this subpart relate to the emission-related warranty in Section 207(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act?
• § 86.1920— What in-use testing information must I report to EPA?
• § 86.1925— What records must I keep?
• § 86.1930— What special provisions apply from 2005 through 2010?