Title 28 — JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE

• § 1— Number of justices; quorum
• § 2— Terms of court
• § 3— Vacancy in office of Chief Justice; disability
• § 4— Precedence of associate justices
• § 5— Salaries of justices
• § 6— Records of former court of appeals
• § 41— Number and composition of circuits
• § 42— Allotment of Supreme Court justices to circuits
• § 43— Creation and composition of courts
• § 44— Appointment, tenure, residence and salary of circuit judges
• § 45— Chief judges; precedence of judges
• § 46— Assignment of judges; panels; hearings; quorum
• § 47— Disqualification of trial judge to hear appeal
• § 48— Terms of court
• § 49— Assignment of judges to division to appoint independent counsels
• § 81— Alabama
• § 81A— Alaska
• § 82— Arizona
• § 83— Arkansas
• § 84— California
• § 85— Colorado
• § 86— Connecticut
• § 87— Delaware
• § 88— District of Columbia
• § 89— Florida
• § 90— Georgia
• § 91— Hawaii
• § 92— Idaho
• § 93— Illinois
• § 94— Indiana
• § 95— Iowa
• § 96— Kansas
• § 97— Kentucky
• § 98— Louisiana
• § 99— Maine
• § 100— Maryland
• § 101— Massachusetts
• § 102— Michigan
• § 103— Minnesota
• § 104— Mississippi
• § 105— Missouri
• § 106— Montana
• § 107— Nebraska
• § 108— Nevada
• § 109— New Hampshire
• § 110— New Jersey
• § 111— New Mexico
• § 112— New York
• § 113— North Carolina
• § 114— North Dakota
• § 115— Ohio
• § 116— Oklahoma
• § 117— Oregon
• § 118— Pennsylvania
• § 119— Puerto Rico
• § 120— Rhode Island
• § 121— South Carolina
• § 122— South Dakota
• § 123— Tennessee
• § 124— Texas
• § 125— Utah
• § 126— Vermont
• § 127— Virginia
• § 128— Washington
• § 129— West Virginia
• § 130— Wisconsin
• § 131— Wyoming
• § 132— Creation and composition of district courts
• § 133— Appointment and number of district judges
• § 134— Tenure and residence of district judges
• § 135— Salaries of district judges
• § 136— Chief judges; precedence of district judges
• § 137— Division of business among district judges
• § 138— Terms abolished
• § 139— Times for holding regular sessions
• § 140— Adjournment
• § 141— Special sessions; places; notice
• § 143— Vacant judgeship as affecting proceedings
• § 144— Bias or prejudice of judge
• § 151— Designation of bankruptcy courts
• § 152— Appointment of bankruptcy judges
• § 153— Salaries; character of service
• § 154— Division of businesses; chief judge
• § 155— Temporary transfer of bankruptcy judges
• § 156— Staff; expenses
• § 157— Procedures
• § 158— Appeals
• § 159— Bankruptcy statistics
• § 171— Appointment and number of judges; character of court; designation of chief judge
• § 172— Tenure and salaries of judges
• § 173— Times and places of holding court
• § 174— Assignment of judges; decisions
• § 175— Official duty station; residence
• § 176— Removal from office
• § 177— Disbarment of removed judges
• § 178— Retirement of judges of the Court of Federal Claims
• § 179— Personnel application and insurance programs
• § 251— Appointment and number of judges; offices
• § 252— Tenure and salaries of judges
• § 253— Duties of chief judge
• § 254— Single-judge trials
• § 255— Three-judge trials
• § 256— Trials at ports other than New York
• § 257— Publication of decisions
• § 258— Chief judges; precedence of judges
• § 291— Circuit judges
• § 292— District judges
• § 293— Judges of the Court of International Trade
• § 294— Assignment of retired Justices or judges to active duty
• § 295— Conditions upon designation and assignment
• § 296— Powers upon designation and assignment
• § 297— Assignment of judges to courts of the freely associated compact states
• § 331— Judicial Conference of the United States
• § 332— Judicial councils of circuits
• § 333— Judicial conferences of circuits
• § 334— Institutes and joint councils on sentencing
• § 335— Judicial Conference of the Court of International Trade
• § 351— Complaints; judge defined
• § 352— Review of complaint by chief judge
• § 353— Special committees
• § 354— Action by judicial council
• § 355— Action by Judicial Conference
• § 356— Subpoena power
• § 357— Review of orders and actions
• § 358— Rules
• § 359— Restrictions
• § 360— Disclosure of information
• § 361— Reimbursement of expenses
• § 362— Other provisions and rules not affected
• § 363— Court of Federal Claims, Court of International Trade, Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
• § 364— Effect of felony conviction
• § 371— Retirement on salary; retirement in senior status
• § 372— Retirement for disability; substitute judge on failure to retire
• § 373— Judges in territories and possessions
• § 374— Residence of retired judges; official station
• § 375— Recall of certain judges and magistrate judges
• § 376— Annuities for survivors of certain judicial officials of the United States
• § 377— Retirement of bankruptcy judges and magistrate judges
• § 411— Supreme Court reports; printing, binding, and distribution
• § 412— Sale of Supreme Court reports
• § 413— Publications; distribution to courts
• § 414— Transmittal of books to successors
• § 451— Definitions
• § 452— Courts always open; powers unrestricted by expiration of sessions
• § 453— Oaths of justices and judges
• § 454— Practice of law by justices and judges
• § 455— Disqualification of justice, judge, or magistrate judge
• § 456— Traveling expenses of justices and judges; official duty stations
• § 457— Records; obsolete papers
• § 458— Relative of justice or judge ineligible to appointment
• § 459— Administration of oaths and acknowledgments
• § 460— Application to other courts
• § 461— Adjustments in certain salaries
• § 462— Court accommodations
• § 463— Expenses of litigation
• § 471— Requirement for a district court civil justice expense and delay reduction plan
• § 472— Development and implementation of a civil justice expense and delay reduction plan
• § 473— Content of civil justice expense and delay reduction plans
• § 474— Review of district court action
• § 475— Periodic district court assessment
• § 476— Enhancement of judicial information dissemination
• § 477— Model civil justice expense and delay reduction plan
• § 478— Advisory groups
• § 479— Information on litigation management and cost and delay reduction
• § 480— Training programs
• § 481— Automated case information
• § 482— Definitions
• § 501— Executive department
• § 502— Seal
• § 503— Attorney General
• § 504— Deputy Attorney General
• § 504a— Associate Attorney General
• § 505— Solicitor General
• § 506— Assistant Attorneys General
• § 507— Assistant Attorney General for Administration
• § 507A— Assistant Attorney General for National Security
• § 508— Vacancies
• § 509— Functions of the Attorney General
• § 509A— National Security Division
• § 509B— Section to enforce human rights laws
• § 510— Delegation of authority
• § 511— Attorney General to advise the President
• § 512— Attorney General to advise heads of executive departments
• § 513— Attorney General to advise Secretaries of military departments
• § 514— Legal services on pending claims in departments and agencies
• § 515— Authority for legal proceedings; commission, oath, and salary for special attorneys
• § 516— Conduct of litigation reserved to Department of Justice
• § 517— Interests of United States in pending suits
• § 518— Conduct and argument of cases
• § 519— Supervision of litigation
• § 520— Transmission of petitions in United States Court of Federal Claims or in United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit; statement furnished by departments
• § 521— Publication and distribution of opinions
• § 522— Report of business and statistics
• § 523— Requisitions
• § 524— Availability of appropriations
• § 525— Procurement of law books, reference books, and periodicals; sale and exchange
• § 526— Authority of Attorney General to investigate United States attorneys, marshals, trustees, clerks of court, and others
• § 527— Establishment of working capital fund
• § 528— Disqualification of officers and employees of the Department of Justice
• § 529— Annual report of Attorney General
• § 530— Payment of travel and transportation expenses of newly appointed special agents
• § 530A— Authorization of appropriations for travel and related expenses and for health care of personnel serving abroad
• § 530B— Ethical standards for attorneys for the Government
• § 530C— Authority to use available funds
• § 530D— Report on enforcement of laws
• § 531— Federal Bureau of Investigation
• § 532— Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
• § 533— Investigative and other officials; appointment
• § 534— Acquisition, preservation, and exchange of identification records and information; appointment of officials
• § 535— Investigation of crimes involving Government officers and employees; limitations
• § 536— Positions in excepted service
• § 537— Expenses of unforeseen emergencies of a confidential character
• § 538— Investigation of aircraft piracy and related violations
• § 539— Counterintelligence official reception and representation expenses
• § 540— Investigation of felonious killings of State or local law enforcement officers
• § 540A— Investigation of violent crimes against travelers
• § 540B— Investigation of serial killings
• § 540C— FBI police
• § 540D— Multidisciplinary teams
• § 541— United States attorneys
• § 542— Assistant United States attorneys
• § 543— Special attorneys
• § 544— Oath of office
• § 545— Residence
• § 546— Vacancies
• § 547— Duties
• § 548— Salaries
• § 549— Expenses
• § 550— Clerical assistants, messengers, and private process servers
• § 561— United States Marshals Service
• § 562— Vacancies
• § 563— Oath of office
• § 564— Powers as sheriff
• § 565— Expenses of the Service
• § 566— Powers and duties
• § 567— Collection of fees; accounting
• § 568— Practice of law prohibited
• § 569— Reemployment rights
• § 581— United States trustees
• § 582— Assistant United States trustees
• § 583— Oath of office
• § 584— Official stations
• § 585— Vacancies
• § 586— Duties; supervision by Attorney General
• § 587— Salaries
• § 588— Expenses
• § 589— Staff and other employees
• § 589a— United States Trustee System Fund
• § 589b— Bankruptcy data
• § 591— Applicability of provisions of this chapter
• § 592— Preliminary investigation and application for appointment of an independent counsel
• § 593— Duties of the division of the court
• § 594— Authority and duties of an independent counsel
• § 595— Congressional oversight
• § 596— Removal of an independent counsel; termination of office
• § 597— Relationship with Department of Justice
• § 598— Severability
• § 599— Termination of effect of chapter
• § 599A— Bureau of alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and Explosives 1 So in original. Probably should be “Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives”.
• § 599B— Personnel Management demonstration 1 So in original. Probably should be capitalized. project 1
• § 601— Creation; Director and Deputy Director
• § 602— Employees
• § 603— Salaries
• § 604— Duties of Director generally
• § 605— Budget estimates
• § 606— Duties of Deputy Director
• § 607— Practice of law prohibited
• § 608— Seal
• § 609— Courts’ appointive power unaffected
• § 610— Courts defined
• § 611— Retirement of Director
• § 612— Judiciary Information Technology Fund
• § 613— Disbursing and certifying officers
• § 620— Federal Judicial Center
• § 621— Board; composition, tenure of members, compensation
• § 622— Meetings; conduct of business
• § 623— Duties of the Board
• § 624— Powers of the Board
• § 625— Director and staff
• § 626— Compensation of the Director and Deputy Director
• § 627— Retirement; employee benefits
• § 628— Appropriations and accounting
• § 629— Federal Judicial Center Foundation
• § 631— Appointment and tenure
• § 632— Character of service
• § 633— Determination of number, locations, and salaries of magistrate judges
• § 634— Compensation
• § 635— Expenses
• § 636— Jurisdiction, powers, and temporary assignment
• § 637— Training
• § 638— Dockets and forms; United States Code; seals
• § 639— Definitions
• § 651— Authorization of alternative dispute resolution
• § 652— Jurisdiction
• § 653— Neutrals
• § 654— Arbitration
• § 655— Arbitrators
• § 656— Subpoenas
• § 657— Arbitration award and judgment
• § 658— Compensation of arbitrators and neutrals
• § 671— Clerk
• § 672— Marshal
• § 673— Reporter
• § 674— Librarian
• § 675— Law clerks and secretaries
• § 676— Printing and binding
• § 677— Counselor to the Chief Justice
• § 711— Clerks and employees
• § 712— Law clerks and secretaries
• § 713— Librarians
• § 714— Criers and messengers
• § 715— Staff attorneys and technical assistants
• § 751— Clerks
• § 752— Law clerks and secretaries
• § 753— Reporters
• § 754— Receivers of property in different districts
• § 755— Criers and bailiffs
• § 756— Power to appoint
• § 791— Clerk
• § 794— Law clerks and secretaries
• § 795— Bailiffs and messengers
• § 796— Reporting of court proceedings
• § 797— Recall of retired judges
• § 798— Places of holding court; appointment of special masters
• § 871— Clerk, chief deputy clerk, assistant clerk, deputies, assistants, and other employees
• § 872— Criers, bailiffs, and messengers
• § 951— Oath of office of clerks and deputies
• § 953— Administration of oaths and acknowledgments
• § 954— Vacancy in clerk position; absence of clerk
• § 955— Practice of law restricted
• § 956— Powers and duties of clerks and deputies
• § 957— Clerks ineligible for certain offices
• § 958— Persons ineligible as receivers
• § 959— Trustees and receivers suable; management; State laws
• § 960— Tax liability
• § 961— Office expenses of clerks
• § 963— Courts defined
• § 991— United States Sentencing Commission; establishment and purposes
• § 992— Terms of office; compensation
• § 993— Powers and duties of Chair
• § 994— Duties of the Commission
• § 995— Powers of the Commission
• § 996— Director and staff
• § 997— Annual report
• § 998— Definitions
• § 1251— Original jurisdiction
• § 1253— Direct appeals from decisions of three-judge courts
• § 1254— Courts of appeals; certiorari; certified questions
• § 1257— State courts; certiorari
• § 1258— Supreme Court of Puerto Rico; certiorari
• § 1259— Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces; certiorari
• § 1260— Supreme Court of the Virgin Islands; certiorari
• § 1291— Final decisions of district courts
• § 1292— Interlocutory decisions
• § 1294— Circuits in which decisions reviewable
• § 1295— Jurisdiction of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
• § 1296— Review of certain agency actions
• § 1330— Actions against foreign states
• § 1331— Federal question
• § 1332— Diversity of citizenship; amount in controversy; costs
• § 1333— Admiralty, maritime and prize cases
• § 1334— Bankruptcy cases and proceedings
• § 1335— Interpleader
• § 1336— Surface Transportation Board’s orders
• § 1337— Commerce and antitrust regulations; amount in controversy, costs
• § 1338— Patents, plant variety protection, copyrights, mask works, designs, trademarks, and unfair competition
• § 1339— Postal matters
• § 1340— Internal revenue; customs duties
• § 1341— Taxes by States
• § 1342— Rate orders of State agencies
• § 1343— Civil rights and elective franchise
• § 1344— Election disputes
• § 1345— United States as plaintiff
• § 1346— United States as defendant
• § 1347— Partition action where United States is joint tenant
• § 1348— Banking association as party
• § 1349— Corporation organized under federal law as party
• § 1350— Alien’s action for tort
• § 1351— Consuls, vice consuls, and members of a diplomatic mission as defendant
• § 1352— Bonds executed under federal law
• § 1353— Indian allotments
• § 1354— Land grants from different states
• § 1355— Fine, penalty or forfeiture
• § 1356— Seizures not within admiralty and maritime jurisdiction
• § 1357— Injuries under Federal laws
• § 1358— Eminent domain
• § 1359— Parties collusively joined or made
• § 1360— State civil jurisdiction in actions to which Indians are parties
• § 1361— Action to compel an officer of the United States to perform his duty
• § 1362— Indian tribes
• § 1363— Jurors’ employment rights
• § 1364— Direct actions against insurers of members of diplomatic missions and their families
• § 1365— Senate actions
• § 1366— Construction of references to laws of the United States or Acts of Congress
• § 1367— Supplemental jurisdiction
• § 1368— Counterclaims in unfair practices in international trade.
• § 1369— Multiparty, multiforum jurisdiction
• § 1390— Scope
• § 1391— Venue generally
• § 1394— Banking association’s action against Comptroller of Currency
• § 1395— Fine, penalty or forfeiture
• § 1396— Internal revenue taxes
• § 1397— Interpleader
• § 1398— Interstate Commerce Commission’s orders
• § 1399— Partition action involving United States
• § 1400— Patents and copyrights, mask works, and designs
• § 1401— Stockholder’s derivative action
• § 1402— United States as defendant
• § 1403— Eminent domain
• § 1404— Change of venue
• § 1405— Creation or alteration of district or division
• § 1406— Cure or waiver of defects
• § 1407— Multidistrict litigation
• § 1408— Venue of cases under title 11
• § 1409— Venue of proceedings arising under title 11 or arising in or related to cases under title 11
• § 1410— Venue of cases ancillary to foreign proceedings
• § 1411— Jury trials
• § 1412— Change of venue
• § 1413— Venue of cases under chapter 5 of title 3
• § 1441— Removal of civil actions
• § 1442— Federal officers or agencies sued or prosecuted
• § 1442a— Members of armed forces sued or prosecuted
• § 1443— Civil rights cases
• § 1444— Foreclosure action against United States
• § 1445— Nonremovable actions
• § 1446— Procedure for removal of civil actions
• § 1447— Procedure after removal generally
• § 1448— Process after removal
• § 1449— State court record supplied
• § 1450— Attachment or sequestration; securities
• § 1451— Definitions
• § 1452— Removal of claims related to bankruptcy cases
• § 1453— Removal of class actions
• § 1454— Patent, plant variety protection, and copyright cases
• § 1455— Procedure for removal of criminal prosecutions
• § 1491— Claims against United States generally; actions involving Tennessee Valley Authority
• § 1492— Congressional reference cases
• § 1494— Accounts of officers, agents or contractors
• § 1495— Damages for unjust conviction and imprisonment; claim against United States
• § 1496— Disbursing officers’ claims
• § 1497— Oyster growers’ damages from dredging operations
• § 1498— Patent and copyright cases
• § 1499— Liquidated damages withheld from contractors under chapter 37 of title 40
• § 1500— Pendency of claims in other courts
• § 1501— Pensions
• § 1502— Treaty cases
• § 1503— Set-offs
• § 1505— Indian claims
• § 1507— Jurisdiction for certain declaratory judgments
• § 1508— Jurisdiction for certain partnership proceedings
• § 1509— No jurisdiction in cases involving refunds of tax shelter promoter and understatement penalties
• § 1581— Civil actions against the United States and agencies and officers thereof
• § 1582— Civil actions commenced by the United States
• § 1583— Counterclaims, cross-claims, and third-party actions
• § 1584— Civil actions under the United States-Canada Free-Trade Agreement or the USMCA
• § 1585— Powers in law and equity
• § 1602— Findings and declaration of purpose
• § 1603— Definitions
• § 1604— Immunity of a foreign state from jurisdiction
• § 1605— General exceptions to the jurisdictional immunity of a foreign state
• § 1605A— Terrorism exception to the jurisdictional immunity of a foreign state
• § 1605B— Responsibility of foreign states for international terrorism against the United States
• § 1606— Extent of liability
• § 1607— Counterclaims
• § 1608— Service; time to answer; default
• § 1609— Immunity from attachment and execution of property of a foreign state
• § 1610— Exceptions to the immunity from attachment or execution
• § 1611— Certain types of property immune from execution
• § 1631— Transfer to cure want of jurisdiction
• § 1651— Writs
• § 1652— State laws as rules of decision
• § 1653— Amendment of pleadings to show jurisdiction
• § 1654— Appearance personally or by counsel
• § 1655— Lien enforcement; absent defendants
• § 1656— Creation of new district or division or transfer of territory; lien enforcement
• § 1657— Priority of civil actions
• § 1658— Time limitations on the commencement of civil actions arising under Acts of Congress
• § 1659— Stay of certain actions pending disposition of related proceedings before the United States International Trade Commission
• § 1691— Seal and teste of process
• § 1692— Process and orders affecting property in different districts
• § 1693— Place of arrest in civil action
• § 1694— Patent infringement action
• § 1695— Stockholder’s derivative action
• § 1696— Service in foreign and international litigation
• § 1697— Service in multiparty, multiforum actions
• § 1711— Definitions
• § 1712— Coupon settlements
• § 1713— Protection against loss by class members
• § 1714— Protection against discrimination based on geographic location
• § 1715— Notifications to appropriate Federal and State officials
• § 1731— Handwriting
• § 1732— Record made in regular course of business; photographic copies
• § 1733— Government records and papers; copies
• § 1734— Court record lost or destroyed, generally
• § 1735— Court record lost or destroyed where United States interested
• § 1736— Congressional Journals
• § 1737— Copy of officer’s bond
• § 1738— State and Territorial statutes and judicial proceedings; full faith and credit
• § 1738A— Full faith and credit given to child custody determinations
• § 1738B— Full faith and credit for child support orders
• § 1738C— Certain acts, records, and proceedings and the effect thereof
• § 1739— State and Territorial nonjudicial records; full faith and credit
• § 1740— Copies of consular papers
• § 1741— Foreign official documents
• § 1743— Demand on postmaster
• § 1744— Copies of United States Patent and Trademark Office documents, generally
• § 1745— Copies of foreign patent documents
• § 1746— Unsworn declarations under penalty of per­jury
• § 1781— Transmittal of letter rogatory or request
• § 1782— Assistance to foreign and international tribunals and to litigants before such tribunals
• § 1783— Subpoena of person in foreign country
• § 1784— Contempt
• § 1785— Subpoenas in multiparty, multiforum actions
• § 1821— Per diem and mileage generally; subsistence
• § 1822— Competency of interested persons; share of penalties payable
• § 1824— Mileage fees under summons as both witness and juror
• § 1825— Payment of fees
• § 1826— Recalcitrant witnesses
• § 1827— Interpreters in courts of the United States
• § 1828— Special interpretation services
• § 1861— Declaration of policy
• § 1862— Discrimination prohibited
• § 1863— Plan for random jury selection
• § 1864— Drawing of names from the master jury wheel; completion of juror qualification form
• § 1865— Qualifications for jury service
• § 1866— Selection and summoning of jury panels
• § 1867— Challenging compliance with selection procedures
• § 1868— Maintenance and inspection of records
• § 1869— Definitions
• § 1870— Challenges
• § 1871— Fees
• § 1872— Issues of fact in Supreme Court
• § 1873— Admiralty and maritime cases
• § 1874— Actions on bonds and specialties
• § 1875— Protection of jurors’ employment
• § 1876— Trial by jury in the Court of International Trade
• § 1877— Protection of jurors
• § 1878— Optional use of a one-step summoning and qualification procedure
• § 1911— Supreme Court
• § 1912— Damages and costs on affirmance
• § 1913— Courts of appeals
• § 1914— District court; filing and miscellaneous fees; rules of court
• § 1915— Proceedings in forma pauperis
• § 1915A— Screening
• § 1916— Seamen’s suits
• § 1917— District courts; fee on filing notice of or petition for appeal
• § 1918— District courts; fines, forfeitures and criminal proceedings
• § 1919— Dismissal for lack of jurisdiction
• § 1920— Taxation of costs
• § 1921— United States marshal’s fees
• § 1922— Witness fees before United States magistrate judges
• § 1923— Docket fees and costs of briefs
• § 1924— Verification of bill of costs
• § 1925— Admiralty and maritime cases
• § 1926— Court of Federal Claims
• § 1927— Counsel’s liability for excessive costs
• § 1928— Patent infringement action; disclaimer not filed
• § 1929— Extraordinary expenses not expressly authorized
• § 1930— Bankruptcy fees
• § 1931— Disposition of filing fees
• § 1932— Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation
• § 1961— Interest
• § 1962— Lien
• § 1963— Registration of judgments for enforcement in other districts
• § 1964— Constructive notice of pending actions
• § 2001— Sale of realty generally
• § 2002— Notice of sale of realty
• § 2003— Marshal’s incapacity after levy on or sale of realty
• § 2004— Sale of personalty generally
• § 2005— Appraisal of goods taken on execution
• § 2006— Execution against revenue officer
• § 2007— Imprisonment for debt
• § 2041— Deposit of moneys in pending or adjudicated cases
• § 2042— Withdrawal
• § 2043— Deposit of other moneys
• § 2044— Payment of fine with bond money
• § 2045— Investment of court registry funds
• § 2071— Rule-making power generally
• § 2072— Rules of procedure and evidence; power to prescribe
• § 2073— Rules of procedure and evidence; method of prescribing
• § 2074— Rules of procedure and evidence; submission to Congress; effective date
• § 2075— Bankruptcy rules
• § 2077— Publication of rules; advisory committees
• § 2101— Supreme Court; time for appeal or certiorari; docketing; stay
• § 2102— Priority of criminal case on appeal from State court
• § 2104— Reviews of State court decisions
• § 2105— Scope of review; abatement
• § 2106— Determination
• § 2107— Time for appeal to court of appeals
• § 2108— Proof of amount in controversy
• § 2109— Quorum of Supreme Court justices absent
• § 2111— Harmless error
• § 2112— Record on review and enforcement of agency orders
• § 2113— Definition
• § 2201— Creation of remedy
• § 2202— Further relief
• § 2241— Power to grant writ
• § 2242— Application
• § 2243— Issuance of writ; return; hearing; decision
• § 2244— Finality of determination
• § 2245— Certificate of trial judge admissible in evidence
• § 2246— Evidence; depositions; affidavits
• § 2247— Documentary evidence
• § 2248— Return or answer; conclusiveness
• § 2249— Certified copies of indictment, plea and judgment; duty of respondent
• § 2250— Indigent petitioner entitled to documents without cost
• § 2251— Stay of State court proceedings
• § 2252— Notice
• § 2253— Appeal
• § 2254— State custody; remedies in Federal courts
• § 2255— Federal custody; remedies on motion attacking sentence
• § 2261— Prisoners in State custody subject to capital sentence; appointment of counsel; requirement of rule of court or statute; procedures for appointment
• § 2262— Mandatory stay of execution; duration; limits on stays of execution; successive petitions
• § 2263— Filing of habeas corpus application; time requirements; tolling rules
• § 2264— Scope of Federal review; district court adjudications
• § 2265— Certification and judicial review
• § 2266— Limitation periods for determining applications and motions
• § 2283— Stay of State court proceedings
• § 2284— Three-judge court; when required; composition; procedure
• § 2321— Judicial review of Board’s orders and decisions; procedure generally; process
• § 2322— United States as party
• § 2323— Duties of Attorney General; intervenors
• § 2341— Definitions
• § 2342— Jurisdiction of court of appeals
• § 2343— Venue
• § 2344— Review of orders; time; notice; contents of petition; service
• § 2345— Prehearing conference
• § 2346— Certification of record on review
• § 2347— Petitions to review; proceedings
• § 2348— Representation in proceeding; intervention
• § 2349— Jurisdiction of the proceeding
• § 2350— Review in Supreme Court on certiorari or certification
• § 2351— Enforcement of orders by district courts
• § 2361— Process and procedure
• § 2401— Time for commencing action against United States
• § 2402— Jury trial in actions against United States
• § 2403— Intervention by United States or a State; constitutional question
• § 2404— Death of defendant in damage action
• § 2405— Garnishment
• § 2406— Credits in actions by United States; prior disallowance
• § 2407— Delinquents for public money; judgment at return term; continuance
• § 2408— Security not required of United States
• § 2409— Partition actions involving United States
• § 2409a— Real property quiet title actions
• § 2410— Actions affecting property on which United States has lien
• § 2411— Interest
• § 2412— Costs and fees
• § 2413— Executions in favor of United States
• § 2414— Payment of judgments and compromise settlements
• § 2415— Time for commencing actions brought by the United States
• § 2416— Time for commencing actions brought by the United States—Exclusions
• § 2461— Mode of recovery
• § 2462— Time for commencing proceedings
• § 2463— Property taken under revenue law not re­pleviable
• § 2464— Security; special bond
• § 2465— Return of property to claimant; liability for wrongful seizure; attorney fees, costs, and interest
• § 2466— Fugitive disentitlement
• § 2467— Enforcement of foreign judgment
• § 2501— Time for filing suit
• § 2502— Aliens’ privilege to sue
• § 2503— Proceedings generally
• § 2504— Plaintiff’s testimony
• § 2505— Trial before judges
• § 2506— Interest of witness
• § 2507— Calls and discovery
• § 2508— Counterclaim or set-off; registration of judgment
• § 2509— Congressional reference cases
• § 2510— Referral of cases by Comptroller General
• § 2511— Accounts of officers, agents or contractors
• § 2512— Disbursing officers; relief
• § 2513— Unjust conviction and imprisonment
• § 2514— Forfeiture of fraudulent claims
• § 2515— New trial; stay of judgment
• § 2516— Interest on claims and judgments
• § 2517— Payment of judgments
• § 2519— Conclusiveness of judgment
• § 2521— Subpoenas and incidental powers
• § 2522— Notice of appeal
• § 2631— Persons entitled to commence a civil action
• § 2632— Commencement of a civil action
• § 2633— Procedure and fees
• § 2634— Notice
• § 2635— Filing of official documents
• § 2636— Time for commencement of action
• § 2637— Exhaustion of administrative remedies
• § 2638— New grounds in support of a civil action
• § 2639— Burden of proof; evidence of value
• § 2640— Scope and standard of review
• § 2641— Witnesses; inspection of documents
• § 2642— Analysis of imported merchandise
• § 2643— Relief
• § 2644— Interest
• § 2645— Decisions
• § 2646— Retrial or rehearing
• § 2671— Definitions
• § 2672— Administrative adjustment of claims
• § 2673— Reports to Congress
• § 2674— Liability of United States
• § 2675— Disposition by federal agency as prerequisite; evidence
• § 2676— Judgment as bar
• § 2677— Compromise
• § 2678— Attorney fees; penalty
• § 2679— Exclusiveness of remedy
• § 2680— Exceptions
• § 2710— Right of attachment
• § 2711— Application for warrant
• § 2712— Issue of warrant
• § 2713— Trial of ownership of property
• § 2714— Investment of proceeds of attached property
• § 2715— Publication
• § 2716— Personal notice
• § 2717— Discharge
• § 2718— Interest on balances due department
• § 3001— Applicability of chapter
• § 3002— Definitions
• § 3003— Rules of construction
• § 3004— Service of process; enforcement; notice
• § 3005— Application of chapter to judgments
• § 3006— Affidavit requirements
• § 3007— Perishable personal property
• § 3008— Proceedings before United States magistrate judges
• § 3009— United States marshals’ authority to designate keeper
• § 3010— Co-owned property
• § 3011— Assessment of surcharge on a debt
• § 3012— Joinder of additional defendant
• § 3013— Modification or protective order; supervision of enforcement
• § 3014— Exempt property
• § 3015— Discovery as to debtor’s financial condition
• § 3101— Prejudgment remedies
• § 3102— Attachment
• § 3103— Receivership
• § 3104— Garnishment
• § 3105— Sequestration
• § 3201— Judgment liens
• § 3202— Enforcement of judgments
• § 3203— Execution
• § 3204— Installment payment order
• § 3205— Garnishment
• § 3206— Discharge
• § 3301— Definitions
• § 3302— Insolvency
• § 3303— Value for transfer or obligation
• § 3304— Transfer fraudulent as to a debt to the United States
• § 3305— When transfer is made or obligation is incurred
• § 3306— Remedies of the United States
• § 3307— Defenses, liability, and protection of trans­feree
• § 3308— Supplementary provision
• § 3701— Definitions
• § 3702— Unlawful sports gambling
• § 3703— Injunctions
• § 3704— Applicability
• § 3901— Civil actions
• § 3902— Judicial review of regulations
• § 3903— Effect of failure to issue regulations
• § 3904— Expedited review of certain appeals
• § 3905— Attorney’s fees and interest
• § 3906— Payments
• § 3907— Other judicial review prohibited
• § 3908— Definitions
• § 4001— Assumption of contractual obligations related to transfers of rights in motion pictures
• § 4101— Definitions
• § 4102— Recognition of foreign defamation judgments
• § 4103— Removal
• § 4104— Declaratory judgments
• § 4105— Attorneys’ fees
• § 5001— Civil action for death or personal injury in a place subject to exclusive jurisdiction of United States